Remembering More Than You Can Say: Re-examining “Amnesia” of Attended Attributes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey William Harrison ◽  
Melissa Kang ◽  
Daryl E Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Task Goal ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Surprise Question

Attribute amnesia (AA) describes a phenomenon whereby observers fail a surprise memory test which asks them to report an attribute they had just attended and used to fulfil a task goal. This finding has cast doubt on the prominent theory that attention results in encoding into working memory (WM), to which two competing explanations have been proposed: (1) task demands dictate whether attended information is encoded into WM, and (2) attended information is encoded in a weak state that does not survive the demands of the surprise memory test. To address this debate our study circumvented the limitations of a surprise memory test by embedding a second search task within a typical color-based AA search task. The search task was modified so that the attended attribute would reappear in the second search as either the target, a distractor, or not at all. Critically, our results support encoding of the attended attribute in WM though to a weaker extent than the attribute that is required for report. A second experiment confirmed that WM encoding only occurs for the attended attribute, though distractor attributes produce a bias consistent with negative priming. Our data provide novel support for a theory of memory consolidation that links the strength of a memory’s representation with expectations for how it will be used in a task. Implications for the utility of this procedure in future investigations previously limited by single trial data (i.e., surprise question methodology) are discussed.

Positive Arousal Enhances the Consolidation of Item Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Learning Phase ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Immediate Memory

Emotional arousal induced after learning has been shown to modulate memory consolidation. However, it is unclear whether the effect of postlearning arousal can extend to different aspects of memory. This study examined the effect of postlearning positive arousal on both item memory and source memory. Participants learned a list of neutral words and took an immediate memory test. Then they watched a positive or a neutral videoclip and took delayed memory tests after either 25 minutes or 1 week had elapsed after the learning phase. In both delay conditions, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of item memory as measured by overall recognition. Furthermore, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of familiarity but not recollection. However, positive arousal appeared to have no effect on consolidation of source memory. These findings have implications for building theoretical models of the effect of emotional arousal on consolidation of episodic memory and for applying postlearning emotional arousal as a technique of memory intervention.

scholarly journals 0084 Sleep Consolidates Incidentally Encoded Information After Deep but Not Shallow Encoding

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A34-A34
Author(s):  
E M Wernette ◽  
K M Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Incidental Encoding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory

Abstract Introduction Slow wave sleep (SWS) strengthens declarative memory for information studied for a later test. However, research on the effect of sleep on information that is not intentionally remembered is scare. Previous research from our lab suggests sleep consolidates some, but not all, information that has been encoded incidentally, meaning that it has been acted on but not intentionally remembered. It remains unclear what determines which information benefits from sleep-dependent consolidation processes and what aspects of sleep are related to these mnemonic benefits. In two experiments, we test the hypothesis that sleep consolidates strong but not weak memory traces following incidental encoding, and assess the relationship between memory performance and objective sleep characteristics. Methods In Experiment 1, participants rated words one (weak traces) or three times (strong traces) in a deep or shallow incidental encoding task. Participants either rated words on a scale from ‘concrete’ to ‘abstract’ (deep) or counted the vowels in the words (shallow). Following a 12-hour period containing sleep or wakefulness, participants took a surprise memory test. In Experiment 2, participants rated words one or three times in the deep encoding task, received an 8-hour sleep opportunity with polysomnography, and took the surprise memory test. Results In Experiment 1, participants remembered words better after sleep than wake regardless of whether words were encoded one or three times, but only after deep encoding. Sleep did not consolidate information following shallow encoding. Experiment 2 is ongoing, but we predict that the amount of SWS will correlate positively with memory. Conclusion Results thus far suggest sleep may have consolidated information based on the strength of memory traces. Because deep encoding results in stronger memory traces than shallow encoding, this work is broadly consistent with theories of memory consolidation that predict sleep is more beneficial for strong memory traces than weak, such as the synaptic downscaling hypothesis. Support N/A

Systematic latency variation of the auditory evoked M100: from average to single-trial data

NeuroImage ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salajegheh ◽  
A. Link ◽  
C. Elster ◽  
M. Burghoff ◽  
T. Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trial Data ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Latency Variation

Spike train analysis for single trial data

2002 ◽  
Vol 44-46 ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Romero ◽  
Tai Sing Lee
Keyword(s):  
Spike Train ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Spike Train Analysis

Optical Recording of Action Potentials and Other Discrete Physiological Events: A Perspective from Signal Detection Theory

Physiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Sjulson ◽  
Gero Miesenböck
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Optical Reporters ◽  
Potential Recording

Optical imaging of physiological events in real time can yield insights into biological function that would be difficult to obtain by other experimental means. However, the detection of all-or-none events, such as action potentials or vesicle fusion events, in noisy single-trial data often requires a careful balance of tradeoffs. The analysis of such experiments, as well as the design of optical reporters and instrumentation for them, is aided by an understanding of the principles of signal detection. This review illustrates these principles, using as an example action potential recording with optical voltage reporters.

scholarly journals Sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation in older adults depends on task demands

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1409-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Gudberg ◽  
Katharina Wulff ◽  
Heidi Johansen-Berg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Motor Memory

Attention to Detail: Why Considering Task Demands Is Essential for Single-Trial Analysis of BOLD Correlates of the Visual P1 and N1

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Warbrick ◽  
Jorge Arrubla ◽  
Franks Boers ◽  
Irene Neuner ◽  
N. Jon Shah
Keyword(s):  
Response Selection ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Sensory Encoding ◽  
Visual Oddball

Single-trial fluctuations in the EEG signal have been shown to temporally correlate with the fMRI BOLD response and are valuable for modeling trial-to-trial fluctuations in responses. The P1 and N1 components of the visual ERP are sensitive to different attentional modulations, suggesting that different aspects of stimulus processing can be modeled with these ERP parameters. As such, different patterns of BOLD covariation for P1 and N1 informed regressors would be expected; however, current findings are equivocal. We investigate the effects of variations in attention on P1 and N1 informed BOLD activation in a visual oddball task. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI data were recorded from 13 healthy participants during three conditions of a visual oddball task: Passive, Count, and Respond. We show that the P1 and N1 components of the visual ERP can be used in the integration-by-prediction method of EEG-fMRI data integration to highlight brain regions related to target detection and response production. Our data suggest that the P1 component of the ERP reflects changes in sensory encoding of stimulus features and is more informative for the Passive and Count conditions. The N1, on the other hand, was more informative for the Respond condition, suggesting that it can be used to model the processing of stimulus, meaning specifically discriminating one type of stimulus from another, and processes involved in integrating sensory information with response selection. Our results show that an understanding of the underlying electrophysiology is necessary for a thorough interpretation of EEG-informed fMRI analysis.

Interpreting single trial data using groupwise regularisation

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van Gerven ◽  
Christian Hesse ◽  
Ole Jensen ◽  
Tom Heskes
Keyword(s):  
Trial Data ◽  
Single Trial

scholarly journals Task Demands Predict a Dynamic Switch in the Content of Awake Hippocampal Replay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Freyja Olafsdottir ◽  
Francis Carpenter ◽  
Caswell Barry
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Place Cell ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Hippocampal Place Cell ◽  
Dynamic Switch

Reactivation of hippocampal place cell sequences during behavioural immobility and rest has been linked with both memory consolidation and navigational planning. Yet it remains to be investigated whether these functions are temporally segregated; occurring during different behavioural states. During a self-paced spatial task, awake hippocampal replay occurring immediately before movement towards a reward location, or just after arrival at a reward location, preferentially involved cells consistent with the current trajectory. In contrast, during periods of extended immobility, no such biases were evident. Notably, the occurrence of task-focused reactivations predicted the accuracy of subsequent spatial decisions. Additionally, during immobility but not periods preceding or succeeding movement, grid cells in deep layers of entorhinal cortex replayed coherently with the hippocampus. Thus, hippocampal reactivations dynamically and abruptly switch operational mode in response to task demands; plausibly moving from a state favouring navigational planning to one geared towards memory consolidation.

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