scholarly journals The Kostënki 18 child burial and the cultural and funerary landscape of Mid Upper Palaeolithic European Russia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Reynolds ◽  
Rob Dinnis ◽  
Alexander Bessudnov ◽  
Thibaut Devièse ◽  
Thomas Higham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Don River

There are numerous burials known from Upper Palaeolithic contexts in European Russia. One of the lesser-known of these burials is that found at Kostënki 18, in the Kostënki-Borshchëvo region on the Don river near Voronezh. At this site, a lithic assemblage attributed to the Kostënki-Avdeevo Culture was also found, but no direct stratigraphic connection could be established between the burial and the lithic assemblage. In this paper we describe this burial and present a new direct date for the human remains obtained using the single amino acid (hydroxyproline) method. The new date provides support for the hypothesis that the burial and lithic assemblage found at Kostënki 18 are linked. We also briefly discuss the significance of the Russian Upper Palaeolithic burial record for the understanding of early burials across Europe.

Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Later Finds from Oxlease Farm, Romsey, Hampshire: Summary Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chris Ellis ◽  
Jacky Sommerville
Keyword(s):  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Summary Report ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Field Boundary ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Late Roman

In March 2016, archaeological excavation was undertaken at four areas of land at Oxlease Farm, Cupernham Lane, Romsey, Hampshire. The fieldwork recovered a lithic assemblage from all four excavation areas, although the majority was recorded from a single flint-bearing deposit in Area 1. The assemblage included several elements that may belong to the Terminal Upper Palaeolithic Long Blade industry, as well as three flints of Mesolithic date. A small number of undated features were also uncovered, including pits and possible postholes, which may have been of a prehistoric date. A small and residual assemblage of Late Roman (3rd – 4th century AD) pottery was also recovered from probable medieval/post-medieval field boundary ditches or plough furrows.

Single Amino Acid Based Self-Assemblies of Cysteine and Methionine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gour ◽  
Bharti Koshti ◽  
Chandra Kanth P. ◽  
Dhruvi Shah ◽  
Vivek Shinh Kshatriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays ◽  
First Time

We report for the very first time self-assembly of Cysteine and Methionine to discrenible strucutres under neutral condition. To get insights into the structure formation, thioflavin T and Congo red binding assays were done which revealed that aggregates may not have amyloid like characteristics. The nature of interactions which lead to such self-assemblies was purported by coincubating assemblies in urea and mercaptoethanol. Further interaction of aggregates with short amyloidogenic dipeptide diphenylalanine (FF) was assessed. While cysteine aggregates completely disrupted FF fibres, methionine albeit triggered fibrillation. The cytotoxicity assays of cysteine and methionine structures were performed on Human Neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells which suggested that aggregates are not cytotoxic in nature and thus, may not have amyloid like etiology. The results presented in the manuscript are striking, since to the best of our knowledge,this is the first report which demonstrates that even non-aromatic amino acids (cysteine and methionine) can undergo spontaneous self-assembly to form ordered aggregates.

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