scholarly journals Price discrimination in informal labor markets in Bogotá: An audit experiment during the 2018 FIFA World Cup

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Zamora ◽  
Cesar Mantilla ◽  
Mariana Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
Seasonal Demand ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Gender Based

We conducted an audit experiment to examine whether street vendors in Bogotá (Colombia) exert price discrimination based on buyers' attributes, such as gender and nationality; and based on product characteristics, such as the increasing marginal valuation of items needed to complete a collection. We exploited the seasonal demand for album stickers related to the FIFA World Cup Russia 2018. In our within-subjects design, experimenters carried out in-person audits and quoted a pre-determined list of missing stickers. They interacted with 59 sticker vendors located in five geographic clusters. We find that prices quoted to foreign buyers are higher than prices quoted to Colombian buyers. By contrast, we do not find evidence supporting direct gender-based discrimination, neither that vendors charge a higher price per sticker when the list of missing stickers is shorter. We complement the study with a qualitative analysis based on interviews that reveal vendors' pricing strategies, their awareness of price discrimination, and the trade of counterfeits.

scholarly journals Price discrimination in informal labor markets in Bogotá: an audit experiment during the 2018 FIFA World Cup

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Zamora ◽  
César Mantilla ◽  
Mariana Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
Seasonal Demand ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Gender Based

AbstractWe conducted an audit experiment to examine whether street vendors in Bogotá (Colombia) exert price discrimination based on buyers’ attributes, such as gender and nationality, and based on product characteristics, such as the increasing marginal valuation of items needed to complete a collection. We exploited the seasonal demand for album stickers related to the FIFA World Cup Russia 2018. In our within-subjects design, experimenters carried out in-person audits and quoted a pre-determined list of missing stickers. They interacted with 59 sticker vendors located in five geographic clusters and collected 287 vendor–buyer interactions. We find that prices quoted to foreign buyers are higher than prices quoted to Colombian buyers. By contrast, we do neither find evidence supporting direct gender-based discrimination, nor that vendors charge a higher price per sticker when the list of missing stickers is shorter. We complement the study with a qualitative analysis based on interviews that reveal vendors’ pricing strategies, their awareness of price discrimination, and the trade of counterfeits. The qualitative results suggest that price discrimination appears to be unconscious.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of mega-sporting events on hotel pricing strategies: the case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Barreda ◽  
Sandra Zubieta ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Marina Cassilha ◽  
Yoshimasa Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of a mega-sporting event “2014 FIFA World Cup” on hotel pricing strategies and performance. Design/methodology/approachThe present project examines the host regions’ response to the 2014 FIFA World Cup which was established by the variance in the main hotel key performance indexes: occupancy, average daily rate, revenue per available room (RevPAR) and supply. Using data gathered from STR, this research distinctly shows how the Brazilian host regions reacted to the World Cup. FindingsResults suggest that the key performance indicators of Brazil’s lodging sector reacted differently to the World Cup. Although all hosting cities experienced significant RevPAR growth because of the increase in hotel room rates during the event, the supply and occupancy performed differed from each city. Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited to the case of hotel performance at the country level for mega-events. The study focused on the reaction of revenue managers in the Latin America context. Other contexts may generate different results. Practical implicationsThe study helps revenue managers to examine how the FIFA World Cup travel demand affected pricing strategies and revenue management practices in the Brazilian hotel sector in areas undergoing seasonal growths in overnight tourism. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events. Social implicationsThis study reveals that the benefits brought by a mega-event are not always translated into strong hotel revenue performance. This study highlights an important but understudied research area of revenue management pricing strategies and the effect of mega-sporting events in the hotel sector. This study contributes to the literature as one of the few investigations to benefit hotel pricing strategies and overall revenue performance. Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies about exploring the reaction of revenue managers during the execution of a mega-sporting event. The value of the present study lies in the fact that the authors extend previous studies examining the impact of the most important sporting event in the hotel industry at the country-level perspective. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events.

WAGE DISCRIMINATION IN INDIA’S FORMAL AND INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
BHASKAR JYOTI NEOG ◽  
BIMAL KISHORE SAHOO
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Quantile Decomposition ◽  
Informal Labor Market ◽  
Gender Based

The study examines the extent of gender and caste-based discrimination among the formally and informally employed in India using the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) Employment-Unemployment Survey (EUS) data for the four major rounds from 1999–00 to 2011–12. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition results corrected for self-selection show wage discrimination to be significantly higher in informal employment compared to the formally employed. Similarly, caste-based discrimination is found to be lower compared to gender-based discrimination. The quantile decomposition results show discrimination to vary across the quantiles. Our results highlight the need for better regulation of the informal labor market in India.

scholarly journals Do Poor Citizens Benefit from Mega-Events? São Paulo’s Street Vendors and the 2014 FIFA World Cup

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calla Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Interview Survey

AbstractInternational mega-events inject millions of dollars into host countries’ economies, yet few studies assess which citizens benefit from events and which do not. Governments justify their bids for mega-events by arguing that infrastructure projects, event-related jobs, and tourist spending benefit many citizens. However, researchers find mixed impacts on host economies and the average citizen. Scholars and activists argue that a few businesses benefit while high prices and event-specific laws exclude poor citizens. Under what conditions do poor citizens benefit from mega-events? This article analyzes original interview, survey, and participant observation data on street vendors in São Paulo, Brazil during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The project finds that most street vendors lost money, while a minority made record profits. Those who benefited from the event used brokers, bribes, and pockets of forbearance to circumvent FIFA’s exclusionary rules.

Selecting the best team from the players in the 2018 FIFA World Cup using performance analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Tugay Karadag ◽  
Coskun Parim ◽  
Erhan Cene
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Performance Variables

This study aims to determine the best player in each position from among the footballers who played in the 2018 World Cup in Russia. Player statistics for those who played over 200 minutes were obtained from the FIFA official and transfermarkt.com websites. Selected performance variables were then calculated per 100 minutes and the results were normalised. Kruskal Wallis H and Bonferroni Tests were used to determine the weights of the variables before the analysis. As the variables will have different values according to the players’ positions, the weights for each position were calculated separately. Finally, the performances of the players on the basis of the variables used were ranked for each position using the TOPSIS method. A second analysis was undertaken including only those players whose ages were under 28 and goalkeepers whose ages were under 32. The purpose of this analysis was to identify players with potential that had been largely unrecognised up until the tournament. It was found that both the teams selected in this way were dominated by players from European clubs. Ninety-two percent of the top sixty players in the analysis were playing in European leagues with 85% playing in Spain, England, Italy, Germany, France or Russia.

scholarly journals Kicking off: Is the association between the FIFA world cup and domestic abuse an international phenomenon?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0032258X2110071
Author(s):  
Stuart Kirby ◽  
Nathan Birdsall
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
International Phenomenon

This study examines whether increases in incidents of female domestic abuse occur during FIFA world cup tournaments, in countries, other than the UK. Columbian medical records providing national daily counts, relating to Violence Against Women (VAW) and females subject to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), across two world cup tournaments (2014/2018) were analysed. The number of medical examinations rose by 43% (VAW) and 39% (IPV) during the 2014 Columbia match days, and 26% (VAW) and 27% (IPV) during the 2018 match days, when compared to non-match days (p < .001). The increases were higher on a weekend and when winning, rather than losing.

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