scholarly journals Reply to: Subramanian and Kumar, Increases in COVID-19 are unrelated to levels of vaccination across 68 countries and 2947 counties in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Backhaus
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
County Level ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Meaningful Relationship

In a recent contribution, Subramanian and Kumar (2021) state that increases in COVID-19 are unrelated to vaccination rates both across countries and across U.S. counties. I first discuss several empirical challenges related to the estimation of a meaningful relationship between these two variables which Subramanian and Kumar (2021) do not address. Using the same data sources, I then show that their findings disappear once the longitudinal character of the data is being utilized, underlining the arbitrary character of their result. Finally, I highlight that some of the county-level vaccination rates that Subramanian and Kumar (2021) cite as benchmarks for highly vaccinated locations are implausible and contradicted by additional data sources.

scholarly journals Moral Values Predict County-Level COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi ◽  
Nils Karl Reimer ◽  
Mohammad Atari ◽  
Jackson Trager ◽  
Brendan Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
County Level ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
And Behavior

Despite the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines, the United States has a depressed rate of vaccination as of September 2021. Understanding the psychology of collective vaccine refusal, particularly the sources of variation across U.S. sub-populations, can aid in designing effective intervention strategies to increase vaccination across different regions. Here, we demonstrate that county-level moral values (i.e., Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity) are associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates across 3,106 counties in the contiguous United States. Specifically, in line with our hypothesis, we find that fewer people are vaccinated in counties whose residents prioritize moral concerns about bodily and spiritual purity. Further, we find that stronger endorsements of concerns about fairness and loyalty to the group predict higher vaccination rates. These associations are robust after adjusting for structural barriers to vaccination, the demographic make-up of the counties, and their residents' political voting behavior. Our findings have implications for health communication, intervention strategies based on targeted messaging, and our fundamental understanding of the moral psychology of vaccination hesitancy and behavior.

scholarly journals Moral Values Predict County-Level COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi ◽  
Nils Karl Reimer ◽  
Mohammad Atari ◽  
Jackson Trager ◽  
Brendan Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
County Level ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
And Behavior

Despite the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines, the United States has a depressed rate of vaccination as of September 2021. Understanding the psychology of collective vaccine refusal, particularly the sources of variation across U.S. sub-populations, can aid in designing effective intervention strategies to increase vaccination across different regions. Here, we demonstrate that county-level moral values (i.e., Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity) are associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates across 3,106 counties in the contiguous United States. Specifically, in line with our hypothesis, we find that fewer people are vaccinated in counties whose residents prioritize moral concerns about bodily and spiritual purity. Further, we find that stronger endorsements of concerns about fairness and loyalty to the group predict higher vaccination rates. These associations are robust after adjusting for structural barriers to vaccination, the demographic make-up of the counties, and their residents' political voting behavior. Our findings have implications for health communication, intervention strategies based on targeted messaging, and our fundamental understanding of the moral psychology of vaccination hesitancy and behavior.

scholarly journals Effect of specific non-pharmaceutical intervention policies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the counties of the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyi Yang ◽  
Angkana T. Huang ◽  
Bernardo Garcia-Carreras ◽  
William E. Hart ◽  
Andrea Staid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
County Level ◽  
Metapopulation Model ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

AbstractNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) remain the only widely available tool for controlling the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We estimated weekly values of the effective basic reproductive number (Reff) using a mechanistic metapopulation model and associated these with county-level characteristics and NPIs in the United States (US). Interventions that included school and leisure activities closure and nursing home visiting bans were all associated with a median Reff below 1 when combined with either stay at home orders (median Reff 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–1.39) or face masks (median Reff 0.97, 95% CI 0.58–1.39). While direct causal effects of interventions remain unclear, our results suggest that relaxation of some NPIs will need to be counterbalanced by continuation and/or implementation of others.

scholarly journals Association between county-level social capital and the burden of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Mao Yanagisawa ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
Christopher A. Scannell ◽  
Carlos Irwin A. Oronce ◽  
Yusuke Tsugawa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level

scholarly journals PIN41 INFLUENZA VACCINATION RATES AMONG HIGH RISK GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. A121
Author(s):  
M. DiBonaventura ◽  
J.S. Wagner ◽  
A. Goren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rates

Are spatial models advantageous for predicting county-level HIV epidemiology across the United States?

2021 ◽  
pp. 100436
Author(s):  
Danielle Sass ◽  
Bita Fayaz Farkhad ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Man-pui Sally Chan ◽  
Dolores Albarracin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
County Level ◽  
Hiv Epidemiology
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