scholarly journals Autonomy Necessary but not Sufficient: Comparative Study of CFM, Nepal and JFM, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucha Chate ◽  
Suresh Ghate
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Forest Dependence ◽  
Functional Autonomy ◽  
Using Data

‘Autonomy’ to local users is widely discussed and considered a necessary attribute to form and effectively function self-governing associations in common pool resources. Especially when the resource is local in scale, autonomy to local users can ensure good governance on the ground so locals are better equipped in developing effective institutions. This article compares varying degrees of autonomy to forest dwelling communities and its effect in decentralized forest management in two countries – Nepal and India. Comparison is made by using data collected from revisits of 6 IFRI sites from each country, after creating indices for functional autonomy, institutional functioning, forest quality, and forest dependence of the respective communities. The paper concludes that extending autonomy to communities is not enough; rather autonomy needs to be functional. Also, forming and putting institutions in place may not lead to improvement in forest quality and forest product availability. The newly created institutions need sufficient investment to make them robust, for which positive and proactive intervention by various agencies is essential. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v9i1.8592 Journal of Forestry and Livelihood Vol.9(1) 2010 33-44

scholarly journals Corruption performance voting and the electoral context

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ecker ◽  
Konstantin Glinitzer ◽  
Thomas M. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Political Responsibility ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Comparative Study

Fighting corruption is a vital aspect of good governance. When assessing government performance voters should thus withdraw electoral support from government parties that turn a blind eye to or even engage in corrupt practices. Whereas most accounts of performance-based voting focus on economic outcomes, we analyse whether and to what extent voters punish incumbents for high levels of corruption. Using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, we find that while voters perceiving high levels of corruption punish incumbents, corruption performance voting depends on individual-level attributes and the electoral context: it is most likely for non-partisans, for voters who believe that government turnover will bring about change, and in systems where corruption is a salient issue. Yet, corruption performance voting is not moderated by the clarity of political responsibility. Studying these conditions helps us to understand why corruption is more persistent in some contexts than in others.

scholarly journals An agent-based model to support community forest management and non-timber forest product harvesting in northern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 17894
Author(s):  
Wuthiwong Wimolsakcharoen ◽  
Pongchai Dumrongrojwatthana ◽  
Christophe Le Page ◽  
François Bousquet ◽  
Guy Trébuil
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Common Pool Resource ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Participatory Simulations

Agent-based models are popular in common-pool resource management to represent complex systems and stimulate collective action and management, where they are used to evaluate scenarios of stakeholders’ choice in participatory simulations. We developed the “CoComForest” (COllaborative COMmunity FOREST management) model to support community forest management (CFM) and non-timber forest product (NTFP) harvesting in Nan Province, northern Thailand. The model was used as a computer-based role-playing game to support sharing of perceptions and knowledge among stakeholders, and in participatory simulations to explore future CFM scenarios. The Unified Modelling Language was used to build the conceptual model, subsequently implemented under the CORMAS (COmmon-pool Resource and Multi-Agent System) simulation platform. Several tests were conducted in the laboratory for verification and calibration before using this tool with 21 diverse stakeholders during a field workshop. Three different participatory gaming and simulation sessions were organized. The first one focused on the co-validation of the model with participants. They accepted most of the model functionalities and the scheduling of the rounds of play. The model was used in the subsequent two sessions to simulate the scenarios of firebreak establishment and introduction of outsiders intensively harvesting NTFPs, respectively. The results showed that the intensive harvesting practices of outsiders accelerated the depletion of resources, whereas the prevention of wildfire by establishing firebreaks could increase the resource availability in the landscape. The debriefing session at the end of the workshop focused on the analysis of simulation results and the relationships between the players’ decision-making and their actual circumstances. Individual in-depth interviews conducted after the workshop helped to evaluate the use of this model with local stakeholders. Most participants considered the model as a useful common representation of the system they manage collectively. Its use in participatory simulations facilitated communication among the stakeholders searching for an adapted and acceptable collective action plan to improve CFM at the sub-district level in order to prevent the overharvesting of NTFPs by outsiders.

The forest transition as a window of opportunity to change the governance of common-pool resources: The case of Mexico’s Mixteca Alta

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 105516
Author(s):  
Matthew Lorenzen ◽  
Quetzalcóatl Orozco-Ramírez ◽  
Rosario Ramírez-Santiago ◽  
Gustavo G. Garza
Keyword(s):  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Forest Transition ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Mixteca Alta

scholarly journals Non-timber forest product utilization under community forest management in northern Thailand

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Siriluck Thammanu ◽  
Hee Han ◽  
Dokrak Marod ◽  
Liangzhen Zang ◽  
Yoonkoo Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Northern Thailand

scholarly journals Editorial introduction to the Elinor Ostrom memorial issue

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEOFFREY M. HODGSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Market State ◽  
Memorial Issue

Abstract:This introduction considers the overall character and impact of the work of Elinor Ostrom (1933–2012). Her work is not only inter-disciplinary in character; it also bridges ‘original’ and ‘new’ traditions within institutional economics. Her studies of the governance of common-pool resources inspired multiple lines of enquiry in economics and other social sciences. It also carves out a policy approach that surpasses the market–state dichotomy. This broad impact is evidenced in the seven essays collected and introduced here.

scholarly journals Emergent sustainability in open property regimes

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (51) ◽  
pp. 12859-12867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Moritz ◽  
Roy Behnke ◽  
Christine M. Beitl ◽  
Rebecca Bliege Bird ◽  
Rafael Morais Chiaravalloti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Sustainable Resource Use ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Property Regimes

Current theoretical models of the commons assert that common-pool resources can only be managed sustainably with clearly defined boundaries around both communities and the resources that they use. In these theoretical models, open access inevitably leads to a tragedy of the commons. However, in many open-access systems, use of common-pool resources seems to be sustainable over the long term (i.e., current resource use does not threaten use of common-pool resources for future generations). Here, we outline the conditions that support sustainable resource use in open property regimes. We use the conceptual framework of complex adaptive systems to explain how processes within and couplings between human and natural systems can lead to the emergence of efficient, equitable, and sustainable resource use. We illustrate these dynamics in eight case studies of different social–ecological systems, including mobile pastoralism, marine and freshwater fisheries, swidden agriculture, and desert foraging. Our theoretical framework identifies eight conditions that are critical for the emergence of sustainable use of common-pool resources in open property regimes. In addition, we explain how changes in boundary conditions may push open property regimes to either common property regimes or a tragedy of the commons. Our theoretical model of emergent sustainability helps us to understand the diversity and dynamics of property regimes across a wide range of social–ecological systems and explains the enigma of open access without a tragedy. We recommend that policy interventions in such self-organizing systems should focus on managing the conditions that are critical for the emergence and persistence of sustainability.

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