Assessment and prioritization of community soil and water conservation measures for adaptation to climatic stresses in Makawanpur district of Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Paudel ◽  
Gandhiv Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Adaptation Options ◽  
Soil And Water

Climate change is the global concern of our sustainable development whose impact is of great concern to humanity. In Nepal, we are already starting to become aware of recent changes and developing the mechanism to adapt. A study was carried out in Bramha Thakur Community Forest User Group of Makawanpur district with an objective of assessing and prioritizing adaptation options by local community using soil and water conservation measures on climate change. Primary data were collected from direct observation, focus group discussion, key informant interview, preference ranking and transect walk. Meteorological data on temperature and rainfall of 30 years was collected from government sources and climatic trend was analyzed. Prioritization of adaptation options was done using Index of Usefulness of Practices to Adaptation (IUPA) tool developed by Debels et al. (2010). Monthly maximum value of daily maximum temperature and minimum temperature has increased by 0.0461°C and 0.12°C respectively. Numbers of warm days are increasing. Annual precipitation has increased steadily whereas maximum five days and monthly precipitation trend is increasing at high rate, alarming to hazards induced by climate change. Local people were found very resourceful in using various adaptation practices to deal with impacts of climate change. IUPA scoring provided important rankings on the adaptation options. Conservation pond was highly prioritized for drought management. To adapt with flood, engineering structures with or without vegetation were highly used as adaptation option. Bamboo plantation was highly preferred by local community to reduce the impacts of landslide and to prevent its occurrence. Bioengineering structures are highly recommended for long term stability in flooded and landslide affected areas. Further studies on adaptation options and their prioritization in more areas are recommended for comprehensive database and generalization. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v6i0.6997 J Wet Eco 2012 (6): 44-51

Evaluation of Four Kinds of Water and Soil Conservation Measures on Highway Side Slope

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3843-3846
Author(s):  
Shu Li Wang ◽  
Jian Ping Zhou ◽  
Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Side Slope ◽  
Network Measure ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Hollow Brick ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Soil And Water

Four kinds of protective measures and three contrast measures were chosen on Harbin-Suifenhe highway to analyze the effects of different types of soil and water conservation measure on highway side slope soil. The results showed that Soil and water conservation measures of highway side slope increased water holding capacity and soil conservation capacity significantly. The saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and field water holding capacity of E, PP grid measure were 1.79 times,1.60 times and 1.62 times respectively of that in contrast 1 measure. E, PP grid measure, resin network measure and spread planting measures reduced runoff 58.5%, 59.3% and 50.8% compared with contrast measures. Consider of landscape and cost factors, spread planting measures was recommended to use on the smaller slope degree of highway side, E, PP grid measure, resin network measure were recommended to be used on the steep slope of highway side, hex hollow brick measure was not recommended.

scholarly journals Changes in streamflow regimes and their response to different soil and water conservation measures in Loess Plateau watersheds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyu Zhang ◽  
Guangju Zhao ◽  
Xingmin Mu ◽  
Peng Tian
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Hydrological Change ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Soil And Water

Investigating the changes in streamflow regimes is useful for understanding the mechanisms associated with hydrological processes in different watersheds and for providing information to facilitate water resources management. In this study, we selected three watersheds, i.e., Sandu River, Hulu River, and Dali River on the Loess Plateau, to examine the changes in the streamflow regimes and to determine their responses to different soil and water conservation measures (terracing, afforestation, and damming). The daily runoff was collected continuously by three hydrological gauges close to the outlets of the three watersheds from 1965 to 2016. The eco-surplus, eco-deficit, and degree of hydrological change were assessed to detect hydrological alterations. The Budyko water balance equation was applied to estimate the potential impacts of climate change and human activities on the hydrological regime changes. Significant decreasing trends (P < 0.05) were detected in the annual streamflow in the Sandu and Dali River watersheds, but not in the Hulu River watershed where afforestation dominated. The annual eco-surplus levels were low and they decreased slightly at three stations, whereas the eco-deficit exhibited dramatic increasing trends in the Sandu and Dali River watersheds. In the Sandu River watershed (dominated by terraces), the runoff exhibited the most significant reduction and the eco-deficit was the highest among the three watersheds. The integral degrees of hydrological change were higher in the Sandu River watershed than the other two watersheds, thereby suggesting substantial variations in the magnitude, duration, frequency, timing, and rate of change in the daily streamflow. In the Dali River watershed (dominated by damming), the changes in the extreme flow were characterized by a decreasing number appearing in high flow. In these watersheds, human activities accounted for 74.1% and 91.78% of the runoff reductions, respectively. In the Hulu River watershed (dominated by afforestation), the annual runoff exhibited an insignificant decreasing trend but with a significant increase in the low flow duration. Rainfall changes accounted for 64.30% of the runoff reduction.

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