scholarly journals Categorical Regression Models with Optimal Scaling for Predicting Indoor Air Pollution Concentrations inside Kitchens in Nepalese Households

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srijan Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Optimal Scaling ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Categorical Regression ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

Indoor air pollution from biomass fuels is considered as a potential environmental risk factor in developing countries of the world. Exposure to these fuels have been associated to many respiratory and other ailments such as acute lower respiratory infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, cataract, adverse pregnancy outcomes, etc. The use of biomass fuels is found to be nearly zero in the developed countries but widespread in the developing countries including Nepal. Women and children are the most vulnerable group since they spend a lot of time inside smoky kitchens with biomass fuel burning, inefficient stove and poor ventilation particularly in rural households of Nepal. Measurements of indoor air pollution through monitoring equipment such as high volume sampler, laser dust monitor, etc are expensive, thus not affordable and practicable to use them frequently. In this context, it becomes imperative to use statistical models instead for predicting air pollution concentrations in household kitchens. The present paper has attempted to contribute in this regard by developing some statistical models specifically categorical regression models with optimal scaling for predicting indoor particulate air pollution and carbon monoxide concentrations based upon a cross-sectional survey data of Nepalese households. The common factors found significant for prediction are fuel type, ventilation situation and house types. The highest estimated levels are found to be for those using solid biomass fuels with poor ventilation and Kachhi houses. The estimated PM10 and CO levels are found to be 3024 μg/m3 and 24115 μg/m3 inside kitchen at cooking time which are 5.2 and 40.40 times higher than the lowest predicted values for those using LPG / biogas and living in Pakki houses with improved ventilation, respectively.Key words: Biomass fuel; Categorical regression; Indoor air pollution; Optimal scaling; Respiratory ailmentsDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2962Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 10, 2009 Page: 205-211 

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution concentrations and cardiometabolic health across four diverse settings in Peru: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiah L. Kephart ◽  
Magdalena Fandiño-Del-Rio ◽  
Kirsten Koehler ◽  
Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz ◽  
J. Jaime Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

Measuring the exposure of infants and children to indoor air pollution from biomass fuels in The Gambia

Indoor Air ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Dionisio ◽  
S. Howie ◽  
K. M. Fornace ◽  
O. Chimah ◽  
R. A. Adegbola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Biomass Fuels

scholarly journals Types of cooking stove and risk of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection among under-five children: a cross sectional study in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sudesh Raj Sharma ◽  
Nitin Nischal Bhandari ◽  
Ram Bhandari ◽  
Kusum Wagle ◽  
Mukesh Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Infection ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: In Nepal, about 75% people rely on wood and other biomass fuels for cooking. The majority of Nepali families cook on a traditional stove, an open fire in the kitchen resulting in indoor air pollution, one of the key risk factors for Acute Lower Respiratory Infection (ALRI) among under-five children.The study aimed at exploring the association of indoor air pollution due to use of traditional cooking stoves with ALRI among under-five children in Rasuwa, a Himalayan district of Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Rasuwa district from October to November 2011. The mothers with under-five children who lived in household using biomass fuels were interviewed. The total sample size of 210, calculated on the basis of Proportion to Population Size, was selected by using cluster sampling method. Children who suffered from common cold and fast breathing/higher respiratory rate were defined as having ALRI. Logistic regression was used to find out association of types of cooking stove and other factors with ALRI among the children.Results: Only about 30% of the households used improved stoves for cooking. Nearly one-third (31.4%) of the children under five years of age who lived in household using biomass fuels suffered from ALRI. After adjusting for the factors like mother’s group status, ethnic group, age of children, mother’s group membership status and father’s occupation, use of traditional/open type of cooking stove was found to be highly associated with ALRI [aOR:2.30; 95%CI (1.03-5.10)] among children.Conclusion: Exposure to smoke from a traditional stove is one of the factors leading to ALRI among children. The ALRI could be substantially reduced if these stoves be replaced by improved ones in rural areas of Nepal.

Indoor air pollution from solid biomass fuels combustion in rural agricultural area of Tibet, China

Indoor Air ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Gao ◽  
Q. Yu ◽  
Q. Gu ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
K. Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Solid Biomass

Modeling Indoor Air Pollution Concentrations From Stove Emissions Using a Monte Carlo Single-box Model

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S44-S45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Johnson ◽  
David Pennise ◽  
Nicholas Lam ◽  
Simone Brant ◽  
Dana Charron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

scholarly journals Household energy, indoor air pollution and child respiratory health in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon Barnes ◽  
Angela Mathee ◽  
Elizabeth Thomas ◽  
Nigel Bruce
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Acute Lower Respiratory Infections ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

Indoor air pollution due to the indoor burning of polluting fuels has been associated with Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) amongst children less than five years old. This paper reviews evidence of the association between household energy, indoor air pollution and child ALRI in South Africa. Studies show evidence consistent with the international literature with the likelihood of ALRI between 2 and 4 amongst children living in households using polluting fuels compared to households using electricity. Indoor air pollution is responsible for the deaths of up to 1 400 children annually. Interven-tions have demonstrated 46 – 97% lower pollution concentrations compared to open fires. However, the sustainability of selected interventions has been questioned in certain contexts. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence and highlights opportunities for further research.

Measuring the Exposure of Infants and Children to Indoor Air Pollution From Biomass Fuels in the Gambia

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S117-S118
Author(s):  
Kathie Dionisio ◽  
Stephen Howie ◽  
Francesca Dominici ◽  
Kimberly Fornace ◽  
Richard Adegbola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Biomass Fuels

Exposure to mosquito coil and biomass fuel smoke and respiratory health in rural Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Ramachandra Rao ◽  
Grace A Chitra ◽  
G Elavarasu ◽  
P Kamaraj ◽  
Kanagasabai Kaliaperumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes

Abstract Background Mosquito coil smoke, along with biomass fuel smoke, are sources of indoor air pollution. Biomass fuel smoke has been studied as a risk factor for poor respiratory outcomes. However, in an Indian context, few studies examine the effect of mosquito coil exposure on poor respiratory outcomes at the community level. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of the biomass fuel and mosquito coil use and to determine the association between the use of bio-mass fuel and mosquito coil and poor respiratory health. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 4662 individuals (above the age of 30 years) was conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire. Trained interviewers collected data on current and past use of biomass fuels and mosquito coils, usage practices and respiratory health. We computed proportions for exposure variables namely biomass fuel, mosquito coil use and other covariates. We conducted univariate analysis, followed by multivariate logistic regression. Results The prevalence of ever use of biomass fuels was high (wood: 97.9%; cow dung cake: 76.0% and crop residue: 54.4%). Current use of wood, cow dung cake and crop residue was prevalent among 75.7, 24.3 and 30.9% respondents, respectively. Almost 70% of respondents had ever used mosquito coils, whereas 54% were current users. Overall, 5.5% respondents had poor respiratory health either due to chronic bronchitis or asthma. In multivariate analysis, use of combination of all three biomass fuel types (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.54) and use of mosquito coil more than or equal to 5 days per week (AOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.04–1.99) were associated with poor respiratory health after adjusting for covariates age, gender, smoking, kitchen type and for each other. Conclusions Use of biomass fuels and mosquito coils was high in the study population and was associated with poor respiratory health. Therefore, mosquito coil smoke should also be considered an important source of indoor air pollution, similar to biomass fuel exposure. Community education about these sources of indoor air pollution and increased coverage of cleaner fuels and alternative mosquito control methods should be the way forward in the rural areas.

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