Anxiety and fear related to coronavirus disease 2019 assessment in the Spanish population: A cross-sectional study

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide, compromising the responsiveness of governments and states and thus generating anxiety and fear at the population level. Objective: To assess the level of anxiety and fear of coronavirus disease 2019 in a Spanish adult population group. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, using the anxiety and fear of COVID-19 assessment scale (AMICO, for its acronym in Spanish). The sample was composed of 1038 subjects. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were performed, after analysis of normality in the data distribution. Categorical regression analyses were also executed. Findings: The total sample size was 1036 subjects, 56.3% was made up of females, with a mean age of 48.11 years (SD = 15.13). The mean score obtained on the AMICO scale was 5.54 points (SD = 1.83), with a score range between 1.22 and 10. Bivariate analysis only demonstrated statistically significant differences in the mean score of the scale and the variables: sex, marital status, work area and academic level. The executed categorical regression analysis revealed an R2 value of 0.75 and a significance of p = 0.00. Conclusions: The results obtained show that the Spanish population presents moderate anxiety levels to coronavirus disease 2019. Women, married, with primary and/or secondary education level, and working in the public transport, services and/or hospitality sectors are more likely to have high levels of fear and anxiety. Application to Practice: These results could be used for therapeutic and preventive psychological interventions, and also to plan new research under sex perspective and observing the socio-economic environment.

Exploring the Factors Affecting the Recycling Behavior of Primary School Students

Education on recycling must be provided during the first school years because environmentally aware students are more likely to become environmentally aware citizens. The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting the recycling behavior of students attending the last grade of primary school in the regional unit of Evros in Greece. To select the sample, multistage sampling was used, and to collect the research data, a questionnaire with closed-ended items was designed. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the non-parametric Friedman test, and categorical regression. Our results showed that the students had positive views, attitudes, and behaviors in relation to recycling and were actively involved in it. Categorical regression analysis indicated that the other family members affected students’ recycling behavior to a high degree, whereas students’ parents’ occupation and students’ participation in environmental education programs at school exerted a lower influence on their recycling behavior.

Wine Consumption Determinants in Albania Using Categorical Regression Model

The increasing trend of wine consumption in Albania has led the development of the respective subsectors, viticulture and the wine industry. In the order for the domestic wine production industry to be competitive, a detailed understanding of the consumer’s buying behavior is a prerequisite. To this end, this study offers an actual perspective of the consumption behavior of wine customers in Tirana region. One of the goals of this paper is to identify and quantify determinants of wine consumption by using a regression model called “Categorical Regression Estimation” for non-numeric response variables. A questionnaire has been designed for this purpose, which is based on the literature but also on the recognition of the customer profile in the country, considering several socio-economic factors. Through 230 face-to-face interviews, the aim is to evaluate the impact on wine consumption of income, age, education, religion, nutrition culture, wine prices, wine origin as well as other socio-demographic factors related to the profile of the consumer. The analysis and interpretation of the results reveal interesting factors that determine the wine consumption. Age, education, income level and price of the wine are the main factors affecting the consumer decision to buy wine. Older people (over 40 years old) represent 1.4 times higher willingness to buy wine relatively to the younger people. Meanwhile, among people with higher income level chances that they will buy wine are 2.15 higher relatively to the people with lower monthly income level. From the results appears that education have positive impact on wine consumption while gender does not represent a significant difference.

Examining the Relationship Between Weapon Type and Relationship Type in American Homicides: A Bayesian Approach

The weapon type used in a homicide predicts the victim-perpetrator relationship. However, there are some limitations in this past research including the common data analytic strategies. Our purpose was to build a model of weapon type, predicting relationship type, and to address previous limitations. We examined 363,927 homicides and used Bayesian multilevel categorical regression. In addition to analyzing weapon type (final model consisted of 16 weapon categories), we examined the victims’ sex, age, and race as covariates and modeled the data across states and counties. Results indicate that weapon type is highly informative, however, the age of the victim and sex of the victim interact in important ways.

Features of C-reactive protein in COVID-19 patients with different ages, clinical types and outcomes: a cohort study

BackgroundTo characterize C-reactive protein (CRP) changes features from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to quantify the correlation between CRP value and clinical classification.MethodsThis was a bidirectional observational cohort study. All laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital were included. Patients’ general information, clinical type, CRP value and outcome were collected. Patients were grouped according to the age, clinical type and outcome, and their CRP were compared. The CRP value, age gender, and clinical type were used to build a categorical regression model to investigate the association between CRP and clinical type.ResultsThe 131 patients aged 50.13±17.13 years old. There were 4 mild, 88 moderate, 21 severe and 18 critical cases. Statistical significance of CRP median exists between different clinical types and ages. There were 10 deaths and 121 cases have been discharged. The CRP in death group dramatically increased continuously until died, while increased firstly and decreased later in the survivor and survivor in critical type. The categorical regression model also showed that CRP and age had significant coefficient. During the first 15 days from symptom onset, the maximum of CRP ranged between 0.47-53.37 mg/L were related to mild combined with moderate type, ranged 53.84-107.08 mg/L were related to severe type, and 107.42-150.00 mg/L were related to the critical type.ConclusionsCRP showed different distribution feature and existed differences in various ages, clinical types and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. The features corresponded with disease progression.

Examining the Relationship Between Weapon Type and Relationship Type in American Homicides: A Bayesian Approach

Past research indicates that weapon type used in a homicide predicts the victim-perpetrator relationship. Limitations include small sample sizes, inconsistent findings, and limited data analytic techniques. To address these limitations, we examined 363,927 homicides and used Bayesian multilevel categorical regression. In addition to analyzing weapon type (final model consisted of 16 weapon categories), we examined the victims’ sex, age, and race as covariates and modeled the data across states and counties. Results indicate that weapon type is highly informative, however, the age of the victim and sex of the victim interact with weapon type in important ways.

Analysis of Residents’ Satisfaction Levels with Housing and Residential Environment of Six Occupied Housing Estates in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Poor housing and poor environmental quality have been associated with adverse effects on health of residents and their quality of life, emotional and psychological well-being. The quality of housing and building environment is therefore essential for residents’ residential satisfaction. This study analysises and examines the satisfaction levels of residents with housing and neighbourhood /building environment of six occupied housing estates in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. Data were collected in 2018 from six (6) housing estates located at; Oluku, Ugbowo, Oregbeni, Ikpoba Hill, Iyekogba-Ebo and Evbuoriaria. The data was obtained from sources within the study area using questionnaires, personal interviews and physical observations. The statistical tools used for analysis of data include: means, standard deviations, and categorical regression analysis. The results showed that there are variations in Relative Satisfaction Index (RSI) scores across the environmental dimensions examined for both the older and relatively newer estates. For the relatively newer estates such as Iyekogba, Oluku and Andrew Wilson result revealed that the residents are quite satisfied with Allocation for Recreation Centre (RCT) and Condition of Overcrowding (CO) with RSI scores ranging from 3.00-4.711; while those for the older estates such as Ikpoba Hill, BDPA and Oregbeni also appeared fairly satisfied 3.00-3.5. Regarding Condition of Overcrowding (CO), Refuse Disposal (RD), Level of Noise Pollution (LNP), Clean Kept Surrounding (CKS), Erosion Effect (EE), and Quality of Water (QW). Findings further revealed that RSI scores for the residents in Iyekogba, Andrew Wilson and Oluku are ranked higher indicating better satisfaction levels when compared to the RSI scores for the older estates. The results of Categorical Regression Analysis revealed that the estates environmental indicators impact positively and significantly at 5 percent (p= 0.003) on the satisfaction levels of residents. Hence efforts at improving environment of the state will directly influence residents’ satisfaction. Some measures that could enhance the quality of building environment and hence the satisfaction of residents were recommended. The study concludes that good planning and management of public housing estates are very vital because living in a decent housing and environment would lead to residents’ higher satisfaction level.