Analysis of the Influence of Pesticides on the Soil in an Agricultural Area

The paper presents an analysis of the soil in an agricultural area, to determine the influence of pesticides on the soil where agricultural production is carried out. For the research of the soil quality, were analysed areas, for harvesting soil samples. On the samples collected were determined, the amount of nitrates and nitrites from the soil, were determination of heavy elements from soil composition, soil pH and it was observed of the impact of pollutants on the soil.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SET-ASIDE AND FALLOW LAND SCALE IN POLAND

Changes in land management methods constantly occur, caused by natural, economic, social and demographic conditions. This paper aims to determine changes in set-asides and fallow land in Poland, in the years 1990-2020, and determine the spatial diversity of this phenomenon. The study was based on available statistical data for the studied period. The study shows that, before 2004, the share of fallow land was much more significant. After Poland acceded to the European Union, land left without cultivation decreased considerably with a simultaneous increase in the area of land used for agriculture. The results show that the share and number of hectares of fallow area decreased. The provinces of Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Opole and Wielkopolskie were characterized by the lowest percentage of fallow land in the agricultural area of the province. In contrast, the provinces of Podkarpackie, Lubuskie, Świętokrzyskie, Małopolskie, Śląskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie had the highest percentage of fallow land.

Assessment of Ni Toxicity to Fungi and Bacteria in Oil Tainted Soils in Greater Port Harcourt Area, Nigeria

Intensified urbanization and industrialization are rapidly triggering the release of pollutants to the environment. This study determined the extent of soil contamination with Nickel (Ni) in oil mining areas and its effect on the levels of Ni tolerance by fungi and bacteria. The total CFUs/g of soil were enumerated after a culture period of 7 days at 28°C and LC50 was determined using probit and regression analysis. The mean values of Ni were 1.38±0.23 in industrial area, 1.41±0.36 ppm in agricultural area and 1.02±0.64 in urban area. The mean values of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) were 4,405.46 ppm in industrial area, 55.65 ppm in agricultural area and 1,304.53 ppm in urban area. Nickel’s peak concentration indicating growth of both fungi and bacteria at 150 ppm. There was significant difference (p ≤ 0.000) in the mean levels of LC50 for fungi among the study sites. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of TPH in soil and LC50 of fungi (r = -0.169) and bacteria (r = 0.042). In conclusion, TPH influenced the levels of fungi and bacteria tolerance to Ni in soils. Moreover, it was observed that LC50 can be a reliable method for monitoring chemically resistant microorganisms directly in the environment to improve the use of microorganisms for the bioremediation of oil contaminated soils and in monitoring of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in natural ecosystems.

Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair sebagai Alternatif Pengendalian Biaya Produksi Petani

ABSTRAK Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan keterampilan menekan biaya produksi dan meningkatkan pendapatan petani sawi melalui penggunaan pupuk organik cair di Kelurahan Gunung Anyar Tambak Kecamatan Gunung Anyar Kota Surabaya. Pada masa pandemi covid 19 ini pasokan pupuk kimia tersendat dan mengakibatkan harga pupuk semakin mahal. Pada tahun 2010 pemerintah memunculkan wacana global untuk kembali ke alam (back to nature) di sektor pertanian, di antaranya dengan pemanfaatan bahan alam (bahan baku hayati). Untuk itu kegiatan ini memanfaatkan gulma yang terdapat diarea pertanian tumpang sari dimana area pertanian ini terdapat lahan untuk tanaman sawi, jeruk dan jambu kristal namun sebagian lagi merupakan area tambak ikan yang banyak terdapat gulma seperti kangkung liar dan buah yang sudah busuk. Dengan demikian, dilakukan pembuatan pupuk organik cair dengan menambahkan mikro organisme EM4 kepada bahan baku yaitu gulma. Diperoleh hasil bahwa penggunaan pupuk organik cair ini dapat menurunkan biaya produksi dan meningkatkan produktivitas sawi dan hasil pertanian lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara diperoleh adanya peningkatan pendapatan petani sebesar 22% dari penggunaan pupuk organik cair ini. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah produk berupa pupuk organik cair yang dibuat sendiri oleh peserta pelatihan dan meningkatkan motivasi para petani untuk mengembangkan secara mandiri alternatif pupuk organik sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Kata Kunci: Pupuk organik cair, biaya produksi, gulma ABSTRACT This service activity aims to provide skills training to reduce production costs and increase the income of mustard farmers through the use of liquid organic fertilizer in Gunung Anyar Tambak Village, Gunung Anyar District, Surabaya City. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the supply of chemical fertilizers stagnated and resulted in increasingly high fertilizer prices. In 2010 the government raised a global discourse to return to nature (back to nature) in the agricultural sector, including natural materials (biological raw materials). For this reason, this activity utilizes weeds found in the intercropping agricultural area. This agricultural area has land for mustard, citrus, and crystal guava plants but partly is a fish pond area with many weeds such as wild kale and rotten fruit. Thus, a liquid organic fertilizer was made by adding EM4 micro-organisms to the raw material, namely weeds. The results show that liquid organic fertilizer can reduce production costs and increase the productivity of mustard greens and other agricultural products. Based on the interview results, it was found that there was an increase in farmers' income by 22% from the use of this liquid organic fertilizer. The output of this activity is a product in the form of liquid organic fertilizer, which is made by the trainees themselves and increases the motivation of the farmers to develop alternative organic fertilizers according to their needs independently. Keywords: Liquid organic fertilizer, production costs, weeds

Ability to Report Emergency at Farmers in the Agriculture Area

Background: Low knowledge and motivation about using personal protective equipment on farmers can cause workplace accidents. Upper limb injuries comprise 67% of all injuries, and the most active parts are fingers (43%). Due to the high number of injuries among farmers, the community needs emergency services where this emergency condition requires immediate health services to reduce mortality and prevent disability. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors that affect farmers ability to report daily emergencies in the agricultural area of ​​Lumajang. Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional. The research respondents were 62 farmers who were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire consisting of knowledge of injury recognition, management, and emergency events reporting. Data analysis was bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. Results: Knowledge of farmers recognizing injuries with good categories as much as 92% (p = 0.042), knowledge of farmers doing injury management as much as 80.6% in good category (p = 0.000), and knowledge of reporting of daily emergency events in agricultural areas as much as 61, 3% is moderate (p = 0.000). Recognizing the causes of injury of farming areas will increase farmers' knowledge in managing injuries to seek assistance in handling victims quickly and accurately with useful reporting techniques. Conclusion: The ability to report emergency events in the agricultural area is still in an adequate category. We must continuously improve the socialization of standard operational procedures (SOP) regarding effective communication in reporting injury incidents at PSC 119 Lumajang District. Services provided are fast, precise, responsive, and alert to prevent disability and save someone's life from death.

Applying Risk Indices to Assess and Manage Soil Salinization and Sodification in Crop Fields within a Mediterranean Hydro-Agricultural Area

Irrigation-induced or secondary salinization can occur when salts are introduced by irrigation water and accumulate within the root zone due to insufficient leaching. Mediterranean regions are especially susceptible, given the predominant climate and the expanding of irrigation areas. In this study, two indices to assess the risk of salinization (RSA) and sodification (RSO), previously applied at a regional scale, were used in a hydro-agricultural area (AHA) in Southern Portugal, in ten crop fields. Information on climate, irrigation water quality, soil characteristics, and land use was obtained from large databases and from local data. The results revealed the feasibility of using the RSA and RSO indices both on large and smaller scales, seeing as most of the area in the monitored crop fields presented the same risk classes (62% in RSA and 78% in RSO). Deviations were due to the reduction in scores for drainage and, in the case of RSO, the assigned irrigation method based on the land occupation class. Considering that different spatial scales of risk assessment are associated with different objectives and management options, a risk management framework was outlined following a multi-scale perspective for mitigation actions in salt-sensitive areas, ranging from territorial planning to the adoption of on-farm practices that can contribute to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture.