scholarly journals Applying artificial neural networks to top-down construction cost estimating of highway projects at the conceptual stage

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon Joseph Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Cost Estimating ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
Artificial Neural

4. Artificial neural networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Distributed Processing ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Symbolic Ai ◽  
Artificial Neural

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are made up of many interconnected units, each one capable of computing only one thing. ANNs have myriad applications, from playing the stock market and monitoring currency fluctuations to recognizing speech or faces. ANNs are parallel-processing virtual machines implemented on classical computers. They are intriguing partly because they are very different from the virtual machines of symbolic AI. Sequential instructions are replaced by massive parallelism, top-down control by bottom-up processing, and logic by probability. ‘Artificial neural networks’ considers the wider implications of ANNs and discusses parallel distributed processing (PDP), learning in neural networks, back-propagation, deep learning, and hybrid systems.

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