The International Journal of Maritime Engineering
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464
(FIVE YEARS 364)

H-INDEX

5
(FIVE YEARS 0)

Published By Royal Institution Of Naval Architects

1479-8751

2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A John ◽  
T C Nwaoha

Safety Critical Maritime Infrastructure (SCMI) systems are vulnerable to diverse risks in their challenging field of operations due to their interactions and interdependence. In addition, the multiplicity of stakeholders in these systems and the complex operational scenarios are often associated with a high level of uncertainty because they usually operate in a dynamic environment in which the boundaries of safety are pushed, leading to the disruption of operations. Therefore, the safety of these systems is very important to ensuring resilience of their operations. This research is focus on the background analysis of SCMI systems. This includes operational processes of SCMI systems, security threats and estimates of economic damage to the system, resilience engineering literature relevant to maritime operations; regulatory overview including risk governance of the systems, lessons learnt from major accidents and a concluding remark is drawn.


Author(s):  
R Abbassi ◽  
F Khan ◽  
N Khakzad ◽  
B Veitch ◽  
S Ehlers

A methodology for risk analysis applicable to shipping in arctic waters is introduced. This methodology uses the Bowtie relationship to represent an accident causes and consequences. It is further used to quantify the probability of a ship accident and also the related accident consequences during navigation in arctic waters. Detailed fault trees for three possible ship accident scenarios in arctic transits are developed and represented as bowties. Factors related to cold and harsh conditions and their effects on grounding, foundering, and collision are considered as part of this study. To illustrate the application of the methodology, it is applied to a case of an oil-tanker navigating on the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The methodology is implemented in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework to assess the uncertainties arisen from historical data and expert judgments involved in the risk analysis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 157 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Handayani ◽  
W Sediono ◽  
A Shah

The paper describes the supervised method approach to identifying vessel anomaly behaviour. The vessel anomaly behaviour is determined by learning from self-reporting maritime systems based on the Automatic Identification System (AIS). The AIS is a real world vessel reporting data system, which has been recently made compulsory by the International Convention for the Safety of Life and Sea (SOLAS) for vessels over 300 gross tons and most commercial vessels such as cargo ships, passenger vessels, tankers, etc. In this paper, we describe the use of Bayesian networks (BNs) approach to identify the behaviour of the vessel of interest. The BNs is a machine learning technique based on probabilistic theory that represents a set of random variables and their conditional independencies via directed acyclic graph (DAG). Previous studies showed that the BNs have important advantages compared to other machine learning techniques. Among them are that expert knowledge can be included in the BNs model, and that humans can understand and interpret the BNs model more readily. This work proves that the BNs technique is applicable to the identification of vessel anomaly behaviour.


2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (A4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Hifi ◽  
N Barltrop

This paper applies a newly developed methodology to calibrate the corrosion model within a structural reliability analysis. The methodology combines data from experience (measurements and expert judgment) and prediction models to adjust the structural reliability models. Two corrosion models published in the literature have been used to demonstrate the technique used for the model calibration. One model is used as a prediction for a future degradation and a second one to represent the inspection recorded data. The results of the calibration process are presented and discussed.


Author(s):  
E Javanmard ◽  
Sh Mansoorzadeh ◽  
A Pishevar ◽  
J A Mehr

Determination of hydrodynamic coefficients is a vital part of predicting the dynamic behavior of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The aim of the present study was to determine the drag and lift related hydrodynamic coefficients of a research AUV, using Computational and Experimental Fluid Dynamics methods. Experimental tests were carried out at AUV speed of 1.5 m s-1 for two general cases: I. AUV without control surfaces (Hull) at various angles of attack in order to calculate Hull related hydrodynamic coefficients and II. AUV with control surfaces at zero angle of attack but in different stern angles to calculate hydrodynamic coefficients related to control surfaces. All the experiments carried out in a towing tank were also simulated by a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The hydrodynamic coefficients obtained from the numerical simulations were in close agreement with those obtained from the experiments.


Author(s):  
R Fışkın ◽  
E Nasibov ◽  
M O Yardımcı

Most of the accidents are caused by human error at sea so, decision making process made by navigators should be more computerised and automated. The supported decision making can be a step forward to decrease the risk of collision. This paper, in this respect, aims to present a deterministic approach to support optimum collision avoidance trajectory. This approach involves a collision avoidance course alteration. A web-based application coded with "JavaScript" programming language on the "Processing" software platform which allows the own ship to change her course in a deterministic manner to avoid collision optimally has been introduced. Algorithm structure of the method has been formulated and organized according to the International Regulation for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGs). The experimental tests results have revealed that the system is practicable and feasible and considerably outperforms heuristic-based method. It is thought that the developed method can be applied in an intelligent avoidance system on board and provides contribution to ship collision avoidance process, automation of ship motion control and ship traffic engineering.


Author(s):  
M Dickin

Pipe-lay vessels, heavy-lift crane vessels and dual purpose heavy-lift and pipe-lay vessels are distinct in many ways from other types of ships or offshore units. The unique functions that these vessels carry out can impact directly on the overall safety of the vessel, the personnel on-board and the potential to pollute the environment. This paper outlines some of the hull and machinery safety assurance considerations for classification and design pertinent to pipe-lay and heavy-lift operations. The considerations that are discussed in this paper include the implications of classing the vessel as a ship or an offshore unit; the interaction between classification and marine warranty; general arrangement; station-keeping; structural assessment and the interaction between safety critical systems. Specific hazards for pipe-lay vessels and their use of chemicals on-board are also discussed.


Author(s):  
E Celik ◽  
O Soner ◽  
E Akyuz ◽  
O Arslan

Ships create a large amount of pollutions to marine and coastal environment where its pollutants have negative effects to human and maritime habitat. Depending on the nature of ship-generated waste, rules and regulations determine discharging procedures. This paper focuses on evaluating of potential hazards of ship-generated wastes on the environment whether it may be discharged into the sea or disposed of on port facilities. Thus, marine and costal environmental effects can be discussed analytically to improve human and ecological health. To achieve this purpose, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) extended with interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) is used. While AHP method is used for prioritizing the potential ship- generated waste, the IT2FSs deal with uncertainty and vagueness in the process of obtaining expert decision. Beside assessment of the environmental impacts, the paper contributes to enhance coastal and marine environmental awareness with respect to the ship-generated waste.


Author(s):  
Q G Zheng ◽  
W Q Wu ◽  
M Song

The engine fuel piping in LNG-fuelled ships’ engine room presents potential gas explosion risks due to possible gas fuel leakage and dispersion. A 3D CFD model with chemical reaction was described, validated and then used to simulate the possible gas dispersion and the consequent explosions in an engine room with regulations commanded ventilations. The results show that, with the given minor leaking of a fuel pipe, no more than 1kg of methane would accumulate in the engine room. The flammable gas clouds only exit in limited region and could lead to explosions with an overpressure about 12 mbar, presenting no injury risk to personnel. With the given major leaking, large region in the engine room would be filled with flammable gas cloud within tens of seconds. The gas cloud might lead to an explosion pressure of about 1 bar or higher, which might result in serious casualties in the engine room.


Author(s):  
V Domala ◽  
R Sharma

This paper presents the design and development of an efficient modular ‘Computer Simulation Model (CSM)’ for response analysis of a moored semi-submersible. The computer simulation model is designed in two split models (i.e. computational and experimental models) and each of these models consists of various modules. The modules are developed from basic governing equations related to motion and modules are integrated and we aim for a seamless integration. The moored semi-submersible is represented mathematically as six degrees of freedom dynamic system and the coupling effects between the structure and mooring lines are considered. The basic geometric configuration of semi- submersible is modelled and analyzed for stability computations in MS-Excel*TM and then the basic governing equations related to motion are modelled mathematically in a module and solved numerically with Ansys-AQWA**TM. The computational model is validated and verified with some available experimental results. The CSM is utilized to study the surge and sway responses with respect to the horizontal range of mooring lines and our results show good validation with the existing experimental results. Our presented results show that the fibre wires have minimum steady state response in surge and sway degrees of freedom as compared with the steel wires. However, they have large drift as compared with steel wires. Finally, we show that the computer simulation model can help in detailed analysis of responses and results can be utilized for design and development of new age semi-submersibles for optimum performances for a given set of parameters.


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