scholarly journals ANALISIS PERPINDAHAN KALOR KONDENSOR PADA PROSES DISTILASI BIOETANOL SEBAGAI BIOFUEL DARI CAMPURAN LIMBAH BUAH SALAK DENGAN LIMBAH AIR KELAPA

Author(s):  
Muhammad Idris Hutasuhut

<p class="JudulAbstrakEnglish"> </p><p class="JudulAbstrakEnglish">Cadangan bahan bakar fosil Indonesia akan segera habis. Indonesia harus segera melakukan inovasi dan temuan bahan bakar alternative untuk menggatikan bahan bakar fosil tersebut untuk menghindari krisis dan isu lingkungan. Biomassa sebagai salah satu sumber bahan bakar alternative yang tersedia dalam jumlah banyak di Indonesia. Melalui beberapa tahapan proses biomassa dapat dirubah menjadi bahan bakar bioethanol. Salah satu proses yang dimaksud dengan cara termokimia yaitu distilasi. Distilasi merupakan proses pemisahan fasa berdasarkan titik didih fasa itu sendiri. Uap mengalir dalam pipa masuk ke dalam kondensor dengan ukuran Ø 8.89x10<sup>-2</sup> m dan panjang L 3.4 x10<sup>-2</sup>. Didalam kondesnor terjadi perpindahan panas secara konveksi. Perbedaan temperature pada proses kondensasi antara fluida uap yang mengalir dalam pipa dengan fluida air pendingin yang mendinginkan dinding kondesor direkam menggunakan perankat akuisisi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perpindahan panas konveksi pada kondensor dan mengitung hasil luaran bioethanol secara teoritis berdasarkan massa kondensat uap fermentor. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh perpindahan panas konveksi sebesar 0.2752 kW. Laju massa uap fermentor 1.192 x 10<sup>-4</sup> kg/s, koefisien perpindahan kalor kondensasi 340.7161 W/m<sup>2 O</sup>C, laju massa kondensat 1.01x 10<sup>-5</sup> kg/s. Laju massa kondensat yang diperoleh 8% merupakan hasil luaran biofuel atau bioethanol.</p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p><p class="JudulAbstrakEnglish"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="Howtocite">Indonesia's fossil fuel reserves will soon run out. Indonesia must immediately innovate and search alternative fuels to replace fossil fuels to avoid crises and environmental issues. Biomass as one of the alternative sources of fuel available in large quantities in Indonesia. Through several stages, the process of biomass can be converted into bioethanol fuel. One of the processes referred to by thermochemical methods is distillation. Distillation is a phase separation process based on the boiling point itself. Steam flows in the pipe into the condenser with a size of Ø 8.89x10-2 m and length L 3.4 x10-2. In the condenser, there is convection heat transfer. The temperature difference in the condensation process between the vapor fluid flowing in the pipe and the cooling water fluid that cools the condenser wall is recorded using the acquisition role. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the convection heat transfer in the condenser and to calculate the bioethanol output theoretically based on the mass of the fermentor vapor condensate. From the analysis results obtained convection heat transfer of 0.2752 kW. The fermentor vapor mass rate is 1,192 x 10-4 kg / s, the condensation heat transfer coefficient is 340.7161 W / m2 OC, the condensate mass rate is 1.01x 10-5 kg / s. The condensate mass rate obtained by 8% is the result of biofuel or bioethanol output.</p><p class="Howtocite"> </p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p>

Author(s):  
M. Hammad ◽  
M. Tarawneh ◽  
A. Al-Shqirate

In this work an easy to use, simple and direct equations were formulated and tested. Heat transfer coefficients of phase change fluid flow were examined in this work. The considered fluid flow encountered convection heat flux inside rigid tubes filled with porous media. During the flow, phase change was assumed. Experimental work was conducted using Carbon dioxide as fluid. An analytical method using exponential non dimensional analysis was used. The Buckingham π theorem and method of indices was used to obtain simplified formula for the convection heat transfer coefficient and for the Nusselt number. Two different correlations can be extracted from this formula; one for the evaporation process and the other for the condensation process.


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