Nowe podejście do harmonizacji technicznej w Unii Europejskiej a swoboda przepływu towarów

2016 ◽  
pp. 70-86
Author(s):  
Iwona Miedzińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Single Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods

This article is about the new approach directives and their impact on ensuring the free movement of goods in the single market. The author analysed the relevant legislation of the European Union adopted in the field of technical harmonisation: regulations and directives. The primary method of research used in this article is the legal and institutional analysis. Neofunctionalism and rational choice theory were also helpful to explain the processes of integration in this area. The analysis shows that the new approach directives affect the streamlining of procedures for the movement of goods in the single market. However, despite the simplification of procedures for the movement of goods, an adequate level of safety and consumer protection is ensured. The member states and the European Commission have effective response mechanisms when a product endangers life, health or safety of consumers.

European Union Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schütze
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Part Structure ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
Substantive Law

European Union Law uses a distinctive three-part structure to examine the constitutional foundations, legal powers, and substantive law of the European Union. This third edition includes an updated dedicated chapter on the past, present, and future of Brexit. Part I looks at the constitutional foundations including a constitutional history and an examination of the governmental structure of the European Union. Part II looks at governmental powers. It covers legislative, external, executive, judicial, and limiting powers. The final part considers substantive law. It starts off by examining the free movement of goods, services, and persons. It then turns to competition law and finally ends with an analysis of internal and external policies.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence, Digital Single Market and the proposal of a right to fair and reasonable inferences: a legal issue between ethics and techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Alexandre Veronese ◽  
Alessandra Silveira ◽  
Amanda Nunes Lopes Espiñeira Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
European Union ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation

The article discusses the ethical and technical consequences of Artificial intelligence (hereinafter, A.I) applications and their usage of the European Union data protection legal framework to enable citizens to defend themselves against them. This goal is under the larger European Union Digital Single Market policy, which has concerns about how this subject correlates with personal data protection. The article has four sections. The first one introduces the main issue by describing the importance of AI applications in the contemporary world scenario. The second one describes some fundamental concepts about AI. The third section has an analysis of the ongoing policies for AI in the European Union and the Council of Europe proposal about ethics applicable to AI in the judicial systems. The fourth section is the conclusion, which debates the current legal mechanisms for citizens protection against fully automated decisions, based on European Union Law and in particular the General Data Protection Regulation. The conclusion will be that European Union Law is still under construction when it comes to providing effective protection to its citizens against automated inferences that are unfair or unreasonable.

scholarly journals Compliance of Lebanese Pickling Industry with Lebanese and International Standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1559-1563
Author(s):  
Sami Tlais ◽  
Hayat Omairi ◽  
Ali Al Khatib ◽  
Hassan HajjHussein
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
New Products ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Alert System ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Rapid Alert System

In light of recent news reporting the use of banned colorants in Lebanese-made pickled turnips exported to the European Union (EU) by the Rapid Alert System of Food and Feed (RASFF), The Lebanese Consumer Protection Association tested samples of pickled turnips being sold to the public and confirmed the use of rhodamine B. Many products were pulled off the market and were replaced with new products that were supposed to be free of any banned colorants. We selected 5 different brands of pickled turnips and tested them for pH, salinity, nitrites, and colorants. We tested the salinity using two methods: evaporation and titration. The concentration of nitrites was tested by absorbency method. The presence of colorants was determined using TLC and absorbency method. We determined that the newly released pickled turnips comply with the rules and regulations adopted by the Lebanese Standards Institution (LIBNOR) and the international standards according to the Codex Alimentarius.

The competence of the European Union in the field of consumer protection after the reform of the Lisbon Treaty

2021 ◽  
pp. 204-206
Author(s):  
Saglar Sergeevna ASHTAEVA ◽  
Victoria Mikhailovna Romadikova ◽  
Nina Viktorovna TSUGLAEVA ◽  
Anastasia Radionovna KIM ◽  
Badma Alekseevich TYURBEEV
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
The European Union

An Overview of Competition Policy Practice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Vives
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

This chapter examines the competition policy practice in different jurisdictions, focusing on the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and a number of emerging and developing economies (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Russia, and southern Mediterranean countries). It begins with a discussion of the concerns of the competition authorities in the European Union and the United Kingdom about the banking sector and proceeds by considering practice in the main competition policy areas that have been active in banking: mergers, cartels and restrictive agreements, and state aid. Among other issues, it reviews the tensions between the prudential and the competition authorities, the recent cases of international cartels on Libor and foreign exchange market, and some landmark cases in the European Union. It also looks at consumer protection, with a new impulse from behavioral ideas, and the convergence in aims between consumer protection and competition policies.

The Legal Framework for Data and Consumer Protection in Europe

2009 ◽  
pp. 326-346
Author(s):  
Charles O’Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Frameworks

This chapter will discuss the legal framework for consumer and data protection in Europe. Central to this discussion will be the law of the European Union (EU) on data and consumer protection.3 Recent years have seen the creation of legal frameworks in Europe which seek to secure the protection of consumers while simultaneously facilitating economic growth in the European Union. This chapter will outline the main sources of law which protect consumers and their privacy. This chapter will outline the important provisions in these sources of law and critically analyse them. The chapter will also point up the gaps and deficiencies in the consumer and data protection legal structures.

5. Article 102

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-223
Author(s):  
Richard Whish ◽  
David Bailey
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Dominant Firms ◽  
Abuse Of Dominance

This chapter discusses the main features of Article 102 of the Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which is concerned with the abusive conduct of dominant firms. It begins by discussing the meaning of ‘undertaking’ and ‘effect on trade between Member States’ in the context of Article 102. It then considers what is meant by a dominant position and looks at the requirement that any dominant position must be held in a substantial part of the internal market. Thereafter it discusses some general considerations relevant to the concept of abuse of dominance, followed by an explanation of what is meant by ‘exploitative’, ‘exclusionary’ and ‘single market’ abuses. It then discusses possible defences to allegations of abuse, and concludes by considering the consequences of infringing Article 102.

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