In Vitro Culture of Arachis hypogaea Peg Tips1

Abstract Arachis hypogaea L. cv. NC 4 was used as a model plant system in an effort to develop an in vitro embryo rescue protocol which could have application to interspecific hybrid embryos, which often abort at very early growth stages. Embryo growth and development was studied in 1- to 4-day-old peg tips containing proembryos equivalent to a stage where many interspecific hybrid embryos abort. Three independent experiments were conducted to 1) determine the most favorable basal media, 2) evaluate the effects of auxins and cytokinins on growth, and 3) determine a favorable combination of auxins and cytokinins for in vitro peanut embryo growth. The results indicated that MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with 3% sucrose was the most favorable basal medium among seven media and two sucrose concentrations analyzed. IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) at 1.5 mg L-1 in combination with a range of KN (kinetin) levels from 0.5 to 1.25 mg L-1 were the growth regulator combinations of choice. Proembryo growth reached the multicellular globular stage, but differentiation into heart-shaped embryos did not occur.

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Direct in vitro Regeneration of Arachis Hypogaea L.(Jl-24) and Study of Salt Tolerance

Indian Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.15373/2249555x/aug2013/17 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 52-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bhagya Lakshmi Jyothi Kusuma ◽

◽

Sharmila Begum S

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L

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In Vitro Callus Culture and Plant Regeneration from Different Explants of Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.).

Ikushugaku zasshi ◽

10.1270/jsbbs1951.46.315 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 315-320

Author(s):

Perumal Venkatachalam ◽

Adaikalam Subramaniampillai ◽

Narayanasamylpillai Jayabalan

Keyword(s):

Plant Regeneration ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Callus Culture ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L

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In Vitro Propagation of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by Shoot Tip Culture

Methods in Molecular Biology - Protocols for Micropropagation of Selected Economically-Important Horticultural Plants ◽

10.1007/978-1-62703-074-8_6 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 77-87

Author(s):

Elif Aylin Ozudogru ◽

Ergun Kaya ◽

Maurizio Lambardi

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Shoot Tip ◽

Shoot Tip Culture ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L

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In vitro efficiency of embryo rescue of intra- and interspecific hybrid crosses of sweet cherry and Chinese cherry cultivars

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109716 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 109716

Author(s):

Yan-Jun Wu ◽

Quan-Qing Song ◽

Yue Yuan ◽

Fang-Qi Guo ◽

Kai-Xiang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Embryo Rescue

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Hypoxia Decreases Diagnostic Biomarkers for Aspergillosis In Vitro

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof5030061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Elisabeth Maurer ◽

Maria Aigner ◽

Cornelia Lass-Flörl ◽

Ulrike Binder

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Diagnostic Biomarkers

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of hypoxia on galactomannan and (1,3)-β-d-glucan release of clinically relevant Aspergilli in vitro. Hypoxia decreased biomass and consequently led to lower biomarker release. However, when normalized to biomass, hypoxia led to increased levels of biomarkers at early growth stages (24 h). Antifungals (amphotericin B and voriconazole) decreased the galactomannan amount of A. fumigatus, even more prominently in hypoxia.

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Embryo Rescue in Wide Crosses in Arachis. 3. In vitro Culture of Peg Tips of A. hypogaea Selfs and Interspecific Hybrids1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-14-2-5 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 70-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. P. Moss ◽

H. T. Stalker

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

In Vitro Culture ◽

Successful Treatment ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Wide Crosses ◽

Reproductive Tissues ◽

Globular Stage ◽

Callus Production

Abstract Embryo rescue in wide crosses in Arachis has only been achieved from culturing ovules excised from well developed pods, or from immature pods derived from flowers treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and which had embryos large enough to dissect without injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether reproductive tissues could grow in vitro without the need to dissect them from the peg tip and to determine the effects of GA application on flowers at the time of pollination, age of peg when cultured, and the presence of the peg meristem on reproductive growth, callus production, and peg elongation in vitro. Pegs elongated in culture only when the peg meristem was not removed. Ovules enlarged and grew out of the surrounding peg tissue in 3.8 to 32.8% of the cultures. Significantly more ovules grew when the peg meristem was removed (p < 0.01) and when 10- and 20- day-old pegs were cultured (p < 0.05). Overall, the most successful treatment for growth of ovules was treating flowers with GA at pollination and culturing without the peg meristem 10 days after pollination when 25.0 and 32.8% of all hybrid and selfed ovules, respectively, grew. Embryo growth was observed in an average of 8.4 and 17.6% of embryo sacs in hybrid and self peg tips, respectively, with several embryos reaching the globular stage after 21 days in vitro. This illustrates the potential for culturing young reproductive tissues of Arachis to recover interspecific hybrids.

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Regeneration of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) plantlets by in vitro culture of immature leaves

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b81-115 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 826-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

L. A. Mroginski ◽

K. K. Kartha ◽

J. P. Shyluk

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Bud Regeneration ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽

Germinated Seeds

The in vitro regeneration of buds, shoots, and roots from immature leaves of 3- to 5-day-old peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Colorado Manfredi) seedlings was studied under defined nutritional, hormonal, and environmental conditions. The first two leaves (2–5 mm in length) removed from aseptically germinated seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing vitamins as in B5 medium and 0.8% agar, supplemented with 12 combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.01 to 4 mg/L) and benzyladenine (BA) (1 and 3 mg/L). Bud regeneration occurred in all hormone combinations, but the maximum number of buds was regenerated at a concentration of 1 mg/L each of NAA and BA. Although bud regeneration was maximum with 2- to 5-mm-long leaflets, some success was also obtained with leaflets 8–13 mm long. However, no buds were regenerated when fully expanded leaflets were cultured.Development of buds into shoots was readily achieved by transferring regenerated buds into fresh medium containing 0.01 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BA. A few roots were induced to grow when callus with buds was also transferred to medium devoid of hormones. So far, bud regeneration from immature leaves has been induced in vitro in 5 of the 10 cultivars tested.

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Growth Stages of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-9-1-11 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 219

Author(s):

K. J. Boote

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Plant Development ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Cotyledonary Node ◽

Main Stem ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Node Number ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Harvest Maturity

Abstract Uniform growth stage descriptions were developed for peanut based on visually observable vegetative (V) and reproductive (R) events. The V stage was determined by counting the number of developed nodes on the main stem, beginning with the cotyledonary node as zero. The last node counted must have its tetrafoliolate leaf sufficiently expanded so the leaflets are unfolded and flat in appearance. The R stages proposed are R1 (beginning bloom), R2 (beginning peg), R3 (beginning pod), R4 (full pod), R5 (beginning seed), R6 (full seed), R7 (beginning maturity), R8 (harvest maturity), and R9 (over mature pod). The V and R stages can be measured separately and concurrently and apply to populations or single plants. For populations, a given stage is reached when 50% of the plants sampled have achieved the specified node number or have one or more flowers, pegs, pods, or seeds exhibiting the specified trait. The stages apply to both Spanish and Virginia type cultivars. The proposed standard descriptions of peanut plant development should aid in peanut research planning and communication and should assist extension recommendation of timing of cultural practices.

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