Tongue Inspection and Diagnosis: Past, Present, and Future

During a stratified cross-sectional survey, 1705 pigs were sampled from 279 randomly selected households, 63 randomly selected communities and villages, from four study areas in The Gambia and Senegal during the period October 2007 to January 2008. Porcine cysticercosis prevalence detected by tongue inspection at animal level per study area ranged from 0.1% to 1.0%. Using an antigen-detection ELISA the seroprevalence of cysticercosis at both community/village and animal levels for the four selected study areas is: Western region 80.0% (95%CI: 52.4%–93.6%) and 4.8% (95%CI: 3.4%–6.5%), Bignona 86.7% (95%CI: 59.8%–96.6%) and 8.9% (95%CI: 5.0%–15.5%), Kolda 82.4% (95%CI: 46.8%–96.1%) and 13.2% (95%CI: 10.8%–16.0%), and Ziguinchor 81.3% (95%CI: 43.5%–96.1%) and 6.4% (95%CI: 4.0%–10.1%), respectively. No risk factors for cysticercosis were found significant in this study. This study proved that porcine cysticercosis is endemic and distributed widely in the study areas though its incidence might be suppressed by the generalised use of toilets and latrines in the study areas.

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Clinical neurological and tongue inspection according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) – evaluation of post polio syndrome patients

Journal of the Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.570 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 381 ◽

pp. 199-200

Author(s):

G.C. Abe ◽

P.E. Ramos ◽

B.L. da Silva ◽

A.J. Quadros ◽

A.S.B. Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Tongue Inspection

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On the relationship between tongue inspection and X-ray findings of the stomach.

Kampo Medicine ◽

10.3937/kampomed.39.1 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Kozo TAKAHASHI ◽

Hiroyori TOSA ◽

Yutaka SHIMADA ◽

Takahiro SHINTANI ◽

Katsutoshi TERASAWA

Keyword(s):

X Ray ◽

Tongue Inspection ◽

The Relationship

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Quantitative analysis and classification of tongue inspection based on the visible reflection spectrum

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine ◽

10.3736/jcim20110106 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meng Meng

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Reflection Spectrum ◽

Tongue Inspection

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Tongue inspection

Revista Neurociências ◽

10.34024/rnc.2014.v22.8093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 201-214

Author(s):

Gislaine Cristina Abe ◽

Paulo Eduardo Ramos ◽

Sissy Veloso Fontes ◽

Márcia Pradella Hallinan ◽

Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Western Medicine ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Prognostic Assessment ◽

Examination Protocol ◽

Tongue Inspection ◽

Four Levels ◽

Selection Of

Background. Tongue inspection (TI) is important for diagnosis and prognosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Tongue evaluation models vary among countries; however, no systematic protocol is in place. Objective. To propose a systematic protocol for TI to be used in neurology. Method. 1) A review of the books in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, and of papers in English, Portuguese, Spanish, and French retrieved from the databases Pubmed, Lilacs, and Cochrane Library using the following descriptors: tongue, diagnosis, prognosis, traditional Chinese medicine; 2) Selection of the major tongue characteristics; search for a tongue examination protocol, and search for descriptions of features related to prognostic assessment. Results. In total, 26 articles were selected; however, none of them provided information pertaining to the object of the present study, or the information was inaccurate and vague. The same occurred with the Western medicine books, as none of them outlined a protocol. A TCM-based TI protocol was prepared, comprising four levels of severity and complexity. Conclusion: A systematic TI protocol was created for use in integrative medicine (Western and Chinese medicine), eliminating the divergent points and simplifying the items to be assessed during tongue inspection.

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