EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF WATER BY THE LEAVES OF SOY PLANTS: TRADITIONS AND NEW CRITERIA

The aim of the study was to assess the traditional and new criteria for evaluating water use efficiency (WUE) of soybean leaves by comparing different parameters from instantaneous measurements (WUEi) with the WUE at the field level, as well as studying WUEi-parametres in daily dynamics. Studies were performed using photosyn-thesis and transpiration rate monitor PTM-48A to soybean plants (variety Amelina) in pots with sufficient water supply. It was concluded that as close as possible to WUE field value (0,80 g seeds per kg H2O) is the evaluation of the WUEias a ratio of respiration per unit of water transpired. Estimation of leaf WUEiaccording to previously known parameters does not correspond to field level WUE

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Water Use Efficiency Current Status Assessment in the Context of WATenERgy CYCLE Project

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2110602 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (11) ◽

pp. 602

Author(s):

Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽

Anastasia Papadopoulou ◽

Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽

Konstantinos Gonelas

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

National Level ◽

Water Utilities ◽

Current Status ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Supply Systems

Water use efficiency is a crucial issue in drinking water utilities as it is connected to environmental and economic consequences. WATenERgy CYCLE project aims at developing a methodological approach towards efficient and effective transnational water and energy resources management in the Balkan–Mediterranean area. The paper presents the results of performance evaluation of the water supply systems of the water utilities involved in the project, both at local and national level. The methodology used in the water balance and performance indicators as well as data on the operational status of the water supply systems. The results showed that Non-Revenue Water is one of the major problems addressed.

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Water demand and water use efficiency of winter barley in Hungary

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.59.2011.1.2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Z. Varga-Haszonits ◽

E. Enzsölné Gerencsér ◽

Z. Lantos ◽

Z. Varga

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Supply ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Growth Period ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Yield Data ◽

Use Efficiency

The temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and water use were investigated for winter barley. Evaluations were carried out on a database containing meteorological and yield data from 15 stations. The spatial distribution of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency (WUE) was evaluated from 1951 to 2000 and the moisture conditions during the growth period of winter barley were investigated. The water supply was found to be favourable, since the average values of soil moisture remained above the lower limit of favourable water content throughout the growth period, except for September–December and May–June. The actual evapotranspiration tended to be close to the potential evapotranspiration, so the water supplies were favourable throughout the vegetation period. The calculated values of WUE showed an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990, but the lower level of agricultural inputs caused a decline after 1990. The average values of WUE varied between 0.87 and 1.09 g/kg in different counties, with higher values in the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain. The potential yield of winter barley can be calculated from the maximum value of WUE. Except in the cooler northern and western parts of the country, the potential yield of winter barley, based on the water supply, could exceed 10 t/ha.

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Potential yield and water-use efficiency benefits in sorghum from limited maximum transpiration rate

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp05047 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 945 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

Thomas R. Sinclair ◽

Graeme L. Hammer ◽

Erik J. van Oosterom

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Stomatal Closure ◽

Risk Attitude ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Yield Responses

Limitations on maximum transpiration rates, which are commonly observed as midday stomatal closure, have been observed even under well-watered conditions. Such limitations may be caused by restricted hydraulic conductance in the plant or by limited supply of water to the plant from uptake by the roots. This behaviour would have the consequences of limiting photosynthetic rate, increasing transpiration efficiency, and conserving soil water. A key question is whether the conservation of water will be rewarded by sustained growth during seed fill and increased grain yield. This simulation analysis was undertaken to examine consequences on sorghum yield over several years when maximum transpiration rate was imposed in a model. Yields were simulated at four locations in the sorghum-growing area of Australia for 115 seasons at each location. Mean yield was increased slightly (5–7%) by setting maximum transpiration rate at 0.4 mm h–1. However, the yield increase was mainly in the dry, low-yielding years in which growers may be more economically vulnerable. In years with yield less than ∼450 g m–2, the maximum transpiration rate trait resulted in yield increases of 9–13%. At higher yield levels, decreased yields were simulated. The yield responses to restricted maximum transpiration rate were associated with an increase in efficiency of water use. This arose because transpiration was reduced at times of the day when atmospheric demand was greatest. Depending on the risk attitude of growers, incorporation of a maximum transpiration rate trait in sorghum cultivars could be desirable to increase yields in dry years and improve water use efficiency and crop yield stability.

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Effect of drought stress on residual transpiration and its relationship with water use of wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-102 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 695-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J. M. Clarke ◽

R. A. Richards ◽

A. G. Condon

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Water Status ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Cuticular Transpiration ◽

Stress Treatment ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Residual Transpiration

Increasing the water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum spp.) has long been a goal in semiarid areas. Low rates of residual (cuticular) transpiration are thought to improve yield potential of wheat under dry conditions, although the linkage is tenuous. The objective of this work was to investigate the association of residual transpiration with water use, WUE, and leaf water status in hexaploid (T. aestivum L.) and tetraploid (T. turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes grown under two watering regimes in two glasshouse experiments. Single plants were grown in 0.1-m × 1-m (0.1-m × 0.5-m in exp. 2 low-stress treatment) PVC tubes filled with soil. The watering regimes consisted of weekly replenishment of water used (low stress), or addition of sufficient water to ensure plant survival (high stress). At anthesis, flag leaf residual transpiration (rate of water loss from excised leaves), stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (exp. 1 only) were measured. Water use was not correlated with residual transpiration rate in either experiment. Residual transpiration rate did not differ for the two stress treatments in exp. 1, but there were significant (P < 0.01) genotype by stress treatment interactions. Residual transpiration rate was not related to plant water status (leaf RWC or osmotic potential) as had been reported in other studies. Key words: Cuticular transpiration, water use efficiency, Triticum aestivum L., Triticum turgidum L. var. durum

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Influence of biochar and microorganisms co-application on the remediation and maize productivity in cadmium-contaminated soil.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-927778/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fasih Ullah Haider ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

Muhammad Naveed ◽

Sardar Alam Cheema ◽

Noor ul Ain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Photosynthesis Rate ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Spad Value ◽

Use Efficiency

Abstract The synergistic effects of biochar and microorganisms on the adsorption of Cd and on cereal plant physiology remained unclear. Therefore, this experiment was performed to evaluate the combined effects of biochar pyrolyzed from (maize-straw (BC1), cow-manure (BC2), and poultry-manure (BC3), and microorganisms including (T. harzianum L. and B. subtilis L.), to evaluate, how incorporation of biochar positively influences microorganisms growth and nutrients uptake in plant, and how it mitigates under various Cd-stress levels (0, 10, and 30ppm). Cd2 (30 ppm) had the highest reduction in the intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate, which were 22.36, 34.50, 40.45, 20.66, 29.07, and 22.41% respectively lower than control Cd0 (0 ppm). Sole application BC, resulted in enhanced intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate were recorded in BC2, which were 7.27, 20.54, 23.80, 5.96, 13.37, and 13.50% respectively greater as compared to control and decreased the Cd-concentration in root and shoot of maize by 34.07 and 32.53%, respectively as compared to control. Similarly, among sole microorganism’s inoculation, minimized the Cd-concentration in shoot, root, and soil by 23.77, 20.15, and 10.35% respectively than control. These results suggested that integrated application of cow manure biochar BC2 and inoculation of microorganisms MI3 as soil amendments had synergistic effects in improving the adsorption of nutrients and decreasing the Cd-uptake in maize, and enhancing the physiology of plant grown in Cd-polluted soils as opposed to using either biochar or inoculating microorganisms alone.

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