Effects of Sources and Quality of LED Light on Response of Lycium chinense of Photosynthetic Rate, Transpiration Rate, and Water Use Efficiency in the Smart Farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Seungyeon Lee ◽  
Yongsik Hong ◽  
Eungpill Lee ◽  
Youngsub Han ◽  
Euijoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Lycium Chinense ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Study on the photosynthetic characteristics of Eutrema japonica (Siebold) Koidz. under the pulsed LEDs for simulated sunflecks

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hoon Park ◽  
Sang Bum Kim ◽  
Eung Pill Lee ◽  
Seung Yeon Lee ◽  
Eui Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Background The sunfleck is an important light environmental factor for plants that live under the shade of trees. Currently, the smartfarm has a system that can artificially create these sunfleks. Therefore, it was intended to find optimal light conditions by measuring and analyzing photosynthetic responses of Eutrema japonica (Miq.) Koidz., a plant living in shade with high economic value under artificial sunflecks. Results For this purpose, we used LED pulsed light as the simulated sunflecks and set the light frequency levels of six chambers to 20 Hz, 60 Hz, 180 Hz, 540 Hz, 1620 Hz, and 4860 Hz of a pulsed LED grow system in a plant factory and the duty ratio of the all chambers was set to 30%, 50%, and 70% every 2 weeks. We measured the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and substomatal CO2 partial pressure of E. japonica under each light condition. We also calculated the results of measurement, A/Ci, and water use efficiency. According to our results, the photosynthetic rate was not different among different duty ratios, the transpiration rate was higher at the duty ratio of 70% than 30% and 50%, and stomatal conductance was higher at 50% and 70% than at 30%. In addition, the substomatal CO2 partial pressure was higher at the duty ratio of 50% than 30% and 70%, and A/Ci was higher at 30% than 50% and 70%. Water use efficiency was higher at 30% and 50% than at 70%. While the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance generally tended to become higher as the frequency level decreased, other physiological items did not change with different frequency levels. Conclusions Our results showed that 30% and 50% duty ratios could be better in the cultivation of E. japonica due to suffering from water stress as well as light stress in environments with the 70% duty ratio by decreasing water use efficiency. These results suggest that E. japonica is adapted under the light environment with nature sunflecks around 30–50% duty ratio and low light frequency around 20 Hz.

scholarly journals Characterization of coffee cultivars leaf rust-resistant subjected to framework pruning

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estevam Antonio Chagas Reis ◽  
Tainah Freitas ◽  
Milene Alves de Figueiredo Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Nazareno Guimarães Mendes ◽  
Tiago Teruel Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency

The goal of our work was to evaluate physiological and agronomic traits, as well as the relationship between these traits in coffee cultivars coming from a germplasm supposedly resistant to leaf rust, and their response to framework pruning. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Lavras in randomized blocks with three replicates, with spacing of 3.5 x 0.7 m and plots of 12 plants. An amount of 25 coffee cultivars was evaluated, from which 23 were considered resistant and two susceptible to leaf rust. Traits analyzed were the plagiotropic branch length and number of nodes, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, fluorescence and chlorophyll index, leaf area index, leaf rust incidence and yield. Catucaí Amarelo 20/15 cv 479, Araponga MG1 and Tupi IAC 1669-33 cultivars show highly responsive to framework pruning. These cultivars have high yield associated to high net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and low transpiration rate. Moreover, the last two cultivars show a low incidence of leaf rust. The Acauã cultivar has a good response to framework pruning, showing high yield associated to lower incidence of leaf rust. Catucaí Vermelho 785/15 cultivar is not responsive to framework pruning because show lower yield, high incidence of leaf rust, low vegetative growth and low water use efficiency.

Water use efficiency and fruit quality of table grape under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation

2008 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taisheng Du ◽  
Shaozhong Kang ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Fusheng Li ◽  
Boyuan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Use Efficiency

Potential yield and water-use efficiency benefits in sorghum from limited maximum transpiration rate

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Responses

Limitations on maximum transpiration rates, which are commonly observed as midday stomatal closure, have been observed even under well-watered conditions. Such limitations may be caused by restricted hydraulic conductance in the plant or by limited supply of water to the plant from uptake by the roots. This behaviour would have the consequences of limiting photosynthetic rate, increasing transpiration efficiency, and conserving soil water. A key question is whether the conservation of water will be rewarded by sustained growth during seed fill and increased grain yield. This simulation analysis was undertaken to examine consequences on sorghum yield over several years when maximum transpiration rate was imposed in a model. Yields were simulated at four locations in the sorghum-growing area of Australia for 115 seasons at each location. Mean yield was increased slightly (5–7%) by setting maximum transpiration rate at 0.4 mm h–1. However, the yield increase was mainly in the dry, low-yielding years in which growers may be more economically vulnerable. In years with yield less than ∼450 g m–2, the maximum transpiration rate trait resulted in yield increases of 9–13%. At higher yield levels, decreased yields were simulated. The yield responses to restricted maximum transpiration rate were associated with an increase in efficiency of water use. This arose because transpiration was reduced at times of the day when atmospheric demand was greatest. Depending on the risk attitude of growers, incorporation of a maximum transpiration rate trait in sorghum cultivars could be desirable to increase yields in dry years and improve water use efficiency and crop yield stability.

Effect of drought stress on residual transpiration and its relationship with water use of wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. A. Richards ◽  
A. G. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cuticular Transpiration ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Residual Transpiration

Increasing the water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum spp.) has long been a goal in semiarid areas. Low rates of residual (cuticular) transpiration are thought to improve yield potential of wheat under dry conditions, although the linkage is tenuous. The objective of this work was to investigate the association of residual transpiration with water use, WUE, and leaf water status in hexaploid (T. aestivum L.) and tetraploid (T. turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes grown under two watering regimes in two glasshouse experiments. Single plants were grown in 0.1-m × 1-m (0.1-m × 0.5-m in exp. 2 low-stress treatment) PVC tubes filled with soil. The watering regimes consisted of weekly replenishment of water used (low stress), or addition of sufficient water to ensure plant survival (high stress). At anthesis, flag leaf residual transpiration (rate of water loss from excised leaves), stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (exp. 1 only) were measured. Water use was not correlated with residual transpiration rate in either experiment. Residual transpiration rate did not differ for the two stress treatments in exp. 1, but there were significant (P < 0.01) genotype by stress treatment interactions. Residual transpiration rate was not related to plant water status (leaf RWC or osmotic potential) as had been reported in other studies. Key words: Cuticular transpiration, water use efficiency, Triticum aestivum L., Triticum turgidum L. var. durum

Influence of biochar and microorganisms co-application on the remediation and maize productivity in cadmium-contaminated soil.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasih Ullah Haider ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Sardar Alam Cheema ◽  
Noor ul Ain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract The synergistic effects of biochar and microorganisms on the adsorption of Cd and on cereal plant physiology remained unclear. Therefore, this experiment was performed to evaluate the combined effects of biochar pyrolyzed from (maize-straw (BC1), cow-manure (BC2), and poultry-manure (BC3), and microorganisms including (T. harzianum L. and B. subtilis L.), to evaluate, how incorporation of biochar positively influences microorganisms growth and nutrients uptake in plant, and how it mitigates under various Cd-stress levels (0, 10, and 30ppm). Cd2 (30 ppm) had the highest reduction in the intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate, which were 22.36, 34.50, 40.45, 20.66, 29.07, and 22.41% respectively lower than control Cd0 (0 ppm). Sole application BC, resulted in enhanced intercellular CO2, SPAD value, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate were recorded in BC2, which were 7.27, 20.54, 23.80, 5.96, 13.37, and 13.50% respectively greater as compared to control and decreased the Cd-concentration in root and shoot of maize by 34.07 and 32.53%, respectively as compared to control. Similarly, among sole microorganism’s inoculation, minimized the Cd-concentration in shoot, root, and soil by 23.77, 20.15, and 10.35% respectively than control. These results suggested that integrated application of cow manure biochar BC2 and inoculation of microorganisms MI3 as soil amendments had synergistic effects in improving the adsorption of nutrients and decreasing the Cd-uptake in maize, and enhancing the physiology of plant grown in Cd-polluted soils as opposed to using either biochar or inoculating microorganisms alone.

Comparison of Desert-Adapted Helianthus niveus (Benth.) Brandegee ssp. tephrodes (A. Gray) Heiser to Cultivated H. annuus L. for Putative Drought Avoidance Traits at Two Ontogenetic Stages

Helia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (64) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Bowsher ◽  
Ethan F. Milton ◽  
Lisa A. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractWater availability is a major factor limiting plant productivity in both natural and agronomic systems. Identifying putative drought resistance traits in crops and their wild relatives may be useful for improving crops grown under water-limiting conditions. Here, we tested the expectation that a desert-dwelling sunflower species, Helianthus niveus ssp. tephrodes (TEPH) would exhibit root and leaf traits consistent with greater ability to avoid drought than cultivated sunflower H. annuus (ANN) in a common garden environment. We compared TEPH and ANN at both the seedling and mature stages under well-watered greenhouse conditions. For traits assessed at the seedling stage, TEPH required a longer time to reach a rooting depth of 30 cm than ANN, and the two species did not differ in root:total biomass ratio at 30 cm rooting depth, contrary to expectations. For traits assessed at the mature stage, TEPH had a higher instantaneous water use efficiency and photosynthetic rate on a leaf area basis, but a lower photosynthetic rate on a mass basis than ANN, likely due to TEPH having thicker, denser leaves. Contrary to expectations, ANN and TEPH did not differ in leaf instantaneous stomatal conductance, integrated water-use efficiency estimated from carbon isotope ratio, or nitrogen concentration. However, at both the seedling and mature stages, TEPH exhibited a lower normalized difference vegetative index than ANN, likely due to the presence of dense leaf pubescence that could reduce heat load and transpirational water loss under drought conditions. Thus, although TEPH root growth and biomass allocation traits under well-watered conditions do not appear to be promising for improvement of cultivated sunflower, TEPH leaf pubescence may be promising for breeding for drought-prone, high radiation environments.

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