scholarly journals Prospective Behavioral Study of Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Z. Sh. Nurmatov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Behavioral Study ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Catchment Population

Introduction: Review of official reports for the last 10 years revealed that up to 5% of the country population suffers from acute respiratory infections (ARI) annually. The study aimed to research the actual incidence by analyzing the prevailing behaviors in populations with respiratory symptoms.Methods: The prospective behavioral study was conducted at the outpatient clinic No 1 in Bishkek, with the number of catchment population aged above 18 totaling 25,057. Selection of respondents was based on systematic sampling. Every hundredth resident was selected from the electronic database of the catchment population. 224 people above 18 were actually enrolled in the study. The survey continued from November 2012 to April 2013. Except for the first interview, all follow-up interviews were done over the phone. For the purposes of the study, individuals in the study group were considered cases if they exhibited symptoms of ARI, according to the WHO Regional Office for Europe guidance for sentinel influenza surveillance in humans (2011). The survey results data analysis was performed using the Epi Info statistical software.Results: From November 2012, to April 2013, 61.2% (224) of the observed population became ill. 46.7% were ill with ARI once, 40.1% – 2 – 3 times, 11.7% – 4 – 7 times, as a result 137 people got sick a total of 307 times (136,161 per 100,000 population), only 75 cases sought medical attention (24.6%). The incidence rates in the observed group of patients with ARI (75/305) who sought medical care per 100,000 population comprised 33,482.1. According to the routine surveillance in 2012 – 2013 epidemic season, there were 34,637 cases of ARI (3,826.9 per 100,000 population). In the fall, the incidence totaled 36.8%, in winter – 20.2% and in spring 29.1%. The incidence rates by age group, gender, and presence of children in the family did not have statistically significant differences. The most frequent symptoms were as follows: cough (64.6%), rhinitis (61.0%), headache (58.1%), and sore throat (50.1%).Conclusions: In the 2012 – 2013 epidemic season, the incidence of ARI in the observed population was 35.6 times higher than the registered incidence in Bishkek, which indicates the low rate of seeking care. 

scholarly journals Extending influenza surveillance to detect non-influenza respiratory viruses of public health relevance: analysis of surveillance data, 2015-2019, Belgium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Subissi ◽  
Nathalie Bossuyt ◽  
Marijke Reynders ◽  
Michèle Gérard ◽  
Nicolas Dauby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Flexible Panel ◽  
Early Testing ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeasonal influenza-like illness (ILI) affects millions of people yearly. Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), mainly caused by influenza, are a leading cause of hospitalisation and mortality. Increasing evidence indicates that non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRVs) also contribute to the burden of SARI. In Belgium, SARI surveillance by a network of sentinel hospitals is ongoing since 2011.AIMHere, we report the results of using in-house multiplex PCRs for the detection of a flexible panel of viruses in respiratory ILI and SARI samples and the estimated incidence rates of SARI associated to each virus.METHODSILI was defined as an infection with onset of fever and cough or dyspnoea. SARI was defined as an infection requiring hospitalization with onset of fever and cough or dyspnoea within the previous 10 days. Samples were collected during four winter seasons and tested by multiplex RT-qPCRs for influenza virus and NIRVs. Using catchment population estimates, incidence rates of SARI associated to each virus were calculated.RESULTSOne third of the SARI cases were positive for NIRVs, reaching 49.4% among children under fifteen. In children under five, incidence rates of NIRV-associated SARI were double that of influenza (103.4 versus 57.6 per 100000 person-months), with NIRV co-infections, respiratory syncytial viruses, human metapneumoviruses and picornaviruses contributing the most (33.1, 13.6, 15.8 and 18.2 per 100000 person-months, respectively).CONCLUSIONEarly testing for NIRVs could be beneficial to clinical management of SARI patients, especially in children under five, for whom the burden of NIRV-associated disease exceeds that of influenza.

scholarly journals Spotlight influenza: Extending influenza surveillance to detect non-influenza respiratory viruses of public health relevance: analysis of surveillance data, Belgium, 2015 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Subissi ◽  
Nathalie Bossuyt ◽  
Marijke Reynders ◽  
Michèle Gérard ◽  
Nicolas Dauby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Multiplex Qpcr ◽  
Flexible Panel ◽  
Early Testing ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Background Seasonal influenza-like illness (ILI) affects millions of people yearly. Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), mainly influenza, are a leading cause of hospitalisation and mortality. Increasing evidence indicates that non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRV) also contribute to the burden of SARI. In Belgium, SARI surveillance by a network of sentinel hospitals has been ongoing since 2011. Aim We report the results of using in-house multiplex qPCR for the detection of a flexible panel of viruses in respiratory ILI and SARI samples and the estimated incidence rates of SARI associated with each virus. Methods We defined ILI as an illness with onset of fever and cough or dyspnoea. SARI was defined as an illness requiring hospitalisation with onset of fever and cough or dyspnoea within the previous 10 days. Samples were collected in four winter seasons and tested by multiplex qPCR for influenza virus and NIRV. Using catchment population estimates, we calculated incidence rates of SARI associated with each virus. Results One third of the SARI cases were positive for NIRV, reaching 49.4% among children younger than 15 years. In children younger than 5 years, incidence rates of NIRV-associated SARI were twice that of influenza (103.5 vs 57.6/100,000 person-months); co-infections with several NIRV, respiratory syncytial viruses, human metapneumoviruses and picornaviruses contributed most (33.1, 13.6, 15.8 and 18.2/100,000 person-months, respectively). Conclusion Early testing for NIRV could be beneficial to clinical management of SARI patients, especially in children younger than 5 years, for whom the burden of NIRV-associated disease exceeds that of influenza.

scholarly journals Declining influenza activity in Europe while public concern over SARS has not increased general practice consultations for influenza-like illness or acute respiratory infections

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Paget ◽  
M Zambon ◽  
H Upphoff ◽  
A I M Bartelds
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Surveillance Scheme

Influenza activity in the 22 networks (19 countries) that participate in the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS, http://www.eiss.org/) in the week ending 6 April 2003 (week 14/2003) was regional in Italy, local in nine networks and sporadic in eight networks (1). One network – Portugal – reported no influenza activity, indicating that the overall level of clinical activity was at baseline levels. Compared to week 13/2003, clinical morbidity rates declined in thirteen networks and remained stable in two (France and Slovenia).

scholarly journals Low usage of government healthcare facilities for acute respiratory infections in guatemala: implications for influenza surveillance

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim A Lindblade ◽  
April J Johnson ◽  
Wences Arvelo ◽  
Xingyou Zhang ◽  
Hannah T Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

scholarly journals The pharmacoepidemiological analysis of the influenza pharmacotherapy in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
O. Balitska ◽  
V. Zlahoda ◽  
Yu. Hryhoruk ◽  
O. Cordon
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
State Register ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Production Company

Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARIs) are the most common among human diseases that require timely medical attention and treatment with the most effective drugs. The aim of the study is pharmacoepidemiological analysis of drugs for the treatment of influenza registered in Ukraine. Materials and methods of research. The study was based on data from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, information on the results of the epidemic season of influenza and acute respiratory infections of the Center for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, declared drugs under the International Nonproprietary or Common Name in Ukraine as of January 2021.  Methods: retrospective, descriptive and frequency analyzes. Results and discussion. A pharmacoepidemiological analysis of influenza drugs in Ukraine was conducted. It was found that the incidence of influenza and SARS during the study period decreased by 3.1% of the total population. Fatalities due to influenza and SARS increased by 41 cases during the study period, which may be related to the coronavirus pandemic. According to the results of a marketing study of antiviral drugs, it was found that the largest share in the structure of registered trade names are interferons (11 trade names). Conclusions. The analysis of the market showed that among the antiviral drugs registered in Ukraine for the studied period the dominance of domestic drugs is noted - 54% (respectively of foreign origin - 46%). Analysis of the distribution of domestic analogues of antiviral drugs by manufacturers found that the largest (5 and 4 TN) belongs to LLC "Research and production company" Interpharmbiotek and FZ "Biopharma" Ltd., Ukraine, Bila Tserkva. Key words: influenza; pharmacoepidemiological analysis; antiviral drugs

scholarly journals Human coronaviruses in persons with acute respiratory infections in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Prince K Parbie ◽  
Julius AA Mingle ◽  
Michael Ntiri ◽  
Michael Adjabeng ◽  
Kofi Bonney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) remain a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss globally. Until recently, human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been mainly associated with mild respiratory tract infections. The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), since 2012, illustrate the potential of coronaviruses to cause severe disease. Objective: This study investigated the presence of human coronaviruses in acute respiratory illness in Ghana. Methods: As part of routine influenza surveillance, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs obtained from 200 patients (100 hospital inpatients and 100 outpatients) with Influenza-like-illness from sentinel health facilities in Ghana from January 2013 to March 2014, were screened for the presence of HCoVs at the National Influenza Center using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: Human CoVs were detected in 7(3.5%) out of 200 cases investigated: HCo V HKU1 in 3 patient, HCo V 229E in 2 patients, HCo V OC43 in 1patient, and HCo V NL63 in 1 patient. No co-infection with HCoV types was detected. Out of 7 patients with HCoV infections, 6 were aged 5 yr. or greater.Also, HCoVs were detected more frequently in outpatients (5/100) than in hospitalized patients (2/100) with acute respiratory tract infections, though statistically insignificant (p>0.005). None of the respiratory specimens tested were positive for MERS-CoV, indicating the absence of MERS-CoV infection in Ghana between January 2013 and March 2014. Conclusion: This work provides an important reference point for coronavirus infections in humans in Ghana noting the current concern on the 2019 novel coronavirus.

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