Evaluating the in vitro susceptibility of bovine mastitis pathogens to a combination of kanamycin and cefalexin: Recommendations for a disk diffusion test

ABSTRACT: Bovine dermatophilosis is a dermatitis characterized by typical focal or localized lesions with “paintbrush” aspect and occasionally as disseminated cutaneous disease. We report the case of a one-year-old Nelore female with history of chronic cutaneous disseminated lesions that appeared immediately after a rainfall period. Serous to purulent exudates, hair with tufted appearance, hyperkeratotic, non-pruritic, hardened, yellowish to brown, and coalescent crusty lesions were observed distributed all over its body. Removal of the crusts revealed ulcerated or hemorrhagic areas, with irregular elevated crusts like “paintbrush”. Microbiological diagnosis enabled the identification of a microorganism, the Dermatophilus congolensis. Despite disseminated and chronic lesions, we obtained a successful therapy with parenteral therapy using long-acting tetracycline based on modified in vitro disk diffusion test. The present report highlights success therapy in uncommon generalized bovine dermatophilosis with selection of first-choice drugs based on modified in vitro susceptibility test, and need of responsible use of antimicrobials in livestock.

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Corrigendum to “In vitro susceptibility of bovine mastitis pathogens to a combination of penicillin and framycetin: Development of interpretive criteria for testing by broth microdilution and disk diffusion” (J. Dairy Sci. 97:6594–6607)

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2015-98-5-3558 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 3558

Author(s):

C.M. Pillar ◽

A. Stoneburner ◽

D.L. Shinabarger ◽

E. Abbeloos ◽

L. Goby

Keyword(s):

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

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In vitro activity of Gemifloxacin against contemporary clinical bacterial isolates from eleven North American medical centers, and assessment of disk diffusion test interpretive criteria

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/s0732-8893(00)00198-x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 243-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Peter C. Fuchs ◽

Arthur L. Barry ◽

Steven D. Brown

Keyword(s):

American Medical ◽

North American ◽

Vitro Activity ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Diffusion Test ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

Medical Centers

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In Vitro Activities of Fluconazole and Voriconazole against Clinical Isolates of Candida spp. Determined by Disk Diffusion Testing in Turin, Italy

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00998-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 1657-1659 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Narcisa Mandras ◽

Vivian Tullio ◽

Valeria Allizond ◽

Daniela Scalas ◽

Giuliana Banche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Isolates ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

High Susceptibility ◽

Diffusion Test ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

Disk Diffusion Testing ◽

Fluconazole Resistant

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against 1,024 clinical isolates of Candida spp. were determined by the agar disk diffusion test using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M44-A guidelines. The results of this investigation demonstrated the broad-spectrum in vitro activity of voriconazole, relative to that of fluconazole, against yeasts tested, in particular fluconazole-resistant isolates, such as Candida krusei that showed high susceptibility to voriconazole. The situation in Turin, Italy, is quite similar to that of the rest of Italy, reflecting the worldwide trend.

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Effect of bovine lactoferrin on the internalization of coagulase-negative staphylococci into bovine mammary epithelial cells under in-vitro conditions

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029908003774 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 144-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Paula Hyvönen ◽

Sari Käyhkö ◽

Suvi Taponen ◽

Atte von Wright ◽

Satu Pyörälä

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Mammary Epithelial ◽

Bovine Lactoferrin ◽

Intracellular Replication ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Intramammary Infection ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have emerged as bovine mastitis pathogens in many countries. CNS mastitis is generally mild but can persist in the udder for long periods. Pathogenesis of CNS intramammary infection is not well understood. In the present study, adhesion, invasion and intracellular replication of twenty-two CNS strains isolated from bovine mastitis and the effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) on the internalization were studied in vitro in a bovine mammary epithelial (BME) cell model. The CNS strains were ofStaphylococcus chromogenes, Staph. simulans, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. haemolyticusandStaph. cohnii urealyticus; two strains ofStaph. aureuswere used as controls. Seven of the CNS strains originated from persistent and five from transient mastitis infections. The in-vitro susceptibility of the strains to bLf was also investigated. All CNS species examined had an adhesive ability equal to that ofStaph. aureus, but internalization varied among staphylococcal strains. The antagonistic effect of bLf on the adhesion and invasion of CNS strains was weak, but bLf significantly decreased intracellular replication and replication rates of CNS. No correlation between the in-vitro susceptibility of the strain to bLf or internalization among clinical signs of mastitis was established. No difference between the persistent and transient CNS strains in adhesion, invasion or replication rate was recorded. This in-vitro BME cell model can be used to study the virulence potential of mastitis pathogens, although the severity and persistence of eventual infections shall be further investigated in vivo. The role of bLf in intramammary infection caused by CNS may be limited.

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In vitro evaluation of H. pylori pretreatment antibiotic resistance and evaluation of the disk diffusion test

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(98)84138-3 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. A1017

Author(s):

RG Lahaie ◽

C Gaudreau ◽

C Tremblay ◽

H Gilbert ◽

S Whittom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Test ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

H Pylori

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CI-934, a new difluoroquinolone: In vitro antibacterial activity and proposed disk diffusion test interpretive criteria

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/0732-8893(87)90011-3 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter C. Fuchs ◽

Arthur L. Barry ◽

Ronald N. Jones ◽

Clyde Thornsberry ◽

Leona W. Ayers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Test ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

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Multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from septic arthritis in horses

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017000400005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 325-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodrigo G. Motta ◽

Lorrayne S.A. Martins ◽

Igor G. Motta ◽

Simony T. Guerra ◽

Carolina L. de Paula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Septic Arthritis ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Nocardia Asteroides ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

Streptococcus Equi

ABSTRACT: Septic arthritis is a debilitating joint infectious disease of equines that requires early diagnosis and immediate therapeutic intervention to prevent degenerative effects on the articular cartilage, as well as loss of athletic ability and work performance of the animals. Few studies have investigated the etiological complexity of this disease, as well as multidrug resistance of isolates. In this study, 60 horses with arthritis had synovial fluid samples aseptically collected, and tested by microbiological culture and in vitro susceptibility test (disk diffusion) using nine antimicrobials belonging to six different pharmacological groups. Bacteria were isolated in 45 (75.0%) samples, as follows: Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (11=18.3%), Escherichia coli (9=15.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (6=10.0%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (5=8.3%), Staphylococcus intermedius (2=3.3%), Proteus vulgaris (2=3.3%), Trueperella pyogenes (2=3.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2=3.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1=1.7%), Rhodococcus equi (1=1.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (1=1.7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1=1.7%), Nocardia asteroides (1=1.7%), and Enterobacter cloacae (1=1.7%). Ceftiofur was the most effective drug (>70% efficacy) against the pathogens in the disk diffusion test. In contrast, high resistance rate (>70% resistance) was observed to penicillin (42.2%), enrofloxacin (33.3%), and amikacin (31.2%). Eleven (24.4%) isolates were resistant to three or more different pharmacological groups and were considered multidrug resistant strains. The present study emphasizes the etiological complexity of equine septic arthritis, and highlights the need to institute treatment based on the in vitro susceptibility pattern, due to the multidrug resistance of isolates. According to the available literature, this is the first report in Brazil on the investigation of the etiology. of the septic arthritis in a great number of horses associated with multidrug resistance of the isolates.

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