scholarly journals Variation in Somatic Cell Counts in Dairy Herd Improvement Milk Samples

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Bodoh ◽  
W.J. Battista ◽  
L.H. Schultz ◽  
R.P. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

Use of the Fossomatic Somatic Cell Counts in a Mastitis Control Program1

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 490-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. JONES ◽  
C. W. HEALD ◽  
W. N. PATTERSON ◽  
D. E. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Herd Milk ◽  
Mastitis Control

The Fossomatic determination of somatic cells present in individual cow milk samples was instituted in the Virginia Dairy Herd Improvement testing program in June, 1976. During the first 6 months the average count was 449,060 cells/ml for 113,735 observations. The average percentage of cows according to ranges in cell counts was: under 150,000, 47.9%; 150–400,000, 25.8%; 400–800,000, 12.5%; 800–1,500,000, 7.2%; and over 1,500,000, 6.6%. The percentage of cows with less than 150,000 cells/ml was reduced for September, 1976. On a herd basis, 66% averaged less than 500,000 cells/ml, 30% between 500 to 1,000,000, and 4% exceeded 1,000,000. The percentage of herds with less than 500,000 cells/ml decreased from June to September, 1976 but increased in October. Quarters infected with primary pathogens were estimated by Westgarth's equation to be 10.4% resulting in a calculated 5% reduction in total herd milk production. Procedures are described which would assist dairymen in the interpretation of somatic cell counts.

Evaluation of low cost in-line milk samplers for estimating individual cow somatic cell counts

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY CLARKE ◽  
SIMON-PETER ANDREWS ◽  
PETER J. MOATE ◽  
CARMEL A. POLLINO ◽  
WERNER L. SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
High Line

The Dairy Herd Improvement Fund of Victoria recently identified a requirement for a simple and inexpensive in-line sampler to enable dairy farmers to collect representative milk samples for counting somatic cells. We found that the currently available simple in-line milk samplers, when connected to standard 35 ml collection vessels, terminate sampling early in a milking, and thus provide samples that are unrepresentative of the whole milking. We showed that cell count during a milking varies greatly, tending to be high for the first 1–2 l. Analyses of resulting samples will thus tend to overestimate cell counts if samplers are used in their traditional way. We found greater sampling rates in high-line compared with low-line milking systems, and consequently developed modified samplers suitable for both situations. Our samplers utilize low sampling rates (∼1–3%) and large collection vessels (450 ml). Compared with currently available simple in-line samplers, our type of sampler provided milk samples considerably more representative of the entire milking for the majority of cows. In conjunction with subsampling, they provided samples of appropriate size (12·5 ml minimum to 25 ml maximum) for testing fat, protein, lactose and cell count. Cell count results indicated that errors associated with the use of currently available simple in-line samplers could frequently be >200%. In contrast, we found that use of our samplers gave an estimate for cell count that was only slightly higher (mean 20%) than that from samples collected by an approved Tru-Test sampler.

Frequency of individual udder quarters with elevated CMT scores in cows' milk samples with low somatic cell counts

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 213-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Berglund ◽  
G. Pettersson ◽  
K. Svennersten‐Sjaunja ◽  
K. Östensson
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in Cattle Bulk Tank Milk in Cyprus and Relations with Somatic Cell Counts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Liapi ◽  
George Botsaris ◽  
Costas Arsenoglou ◽  
Nikolas Markantonis ◽  
Christodoulos Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

One hundred and seventy-seven (177) bulk tank milk samples were analyzed with a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction kit and 11 (6.21%), 41 (23.16%), and 58 (32.77%) tested positive for Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Enumeration of somatic cells was performed in the same samples by flow cytometry. The somatic cell counts were found higher in S. aureus and S. agalactiae positive samples. No association was found between M. bovis presence and somatic cells counts. Low internal assay control Ct values were found to be related with high somatic cell counts. Noticeably, this is the first report for the presence of M. bovis in Cyprus. Therefore, its presence was confirmed by bulk tank milk culture, conventional PCR, and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, M. bovis was typed with multilocus sequencing typing and was allocated to sequence type 29 (ST 29). Real-time PCR in bulk tank milk samples is a useful tool to detect mammary infections, especially for neglected pathogens such as M. bovis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in bovine mastitis in Zimbabwe

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kudinha ◽  
C. Simango
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial and small-scale farms in Zimbabwe. Thirty five quarter milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and 371 quarter milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were cultured for bacterial pathogens. The most frequent pathogens isolated in clinical mastitis were the enteric bacteria (31.4 %), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (22.9 %) and then Staphylococcus aureus (17.1 %), whereas in subclinical mastitis S. aureus (34.2 %) and coagulase-negative staphylococci were (33.2 %) the most common. Bacillus species were only isolated in milk samples from subclinical mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were observed in mixed infections with other bacteria in only 2.2 % of the 406 milk samples from clinical and subclinical mastitis where they were isolated together with Bacillus species in 6 of the 9 mixed infection cases. About 95 % of the milk samples from which 131 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated had correspondingly high somatic cell counts. The coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated most frequently were S. chromogenes (7.9 %), S. epidermidis (7.4 %) and S. hominis (5.9 %). They were all associated with high somatic cell counts. All the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin and erythromycin, and more than 90 %of the isolates were susceptible to neomycin, penicillin and streptomycin. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (17.6 %), followed by lincomycin (13.7 %). About 8 % of the isolates were resistant to both penicillin and streptomycin.

Effects of the CSN1AG allele on the clotting time of cow milk and on the rheological properties of rennet-curd

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRIMO MARIANI ◽  
ANDREA SUMMER ◽  
PAOLA DI GREGORIO ◽  
ANDREA RANDO ◽  
ENRICO FOSSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Rennet Coagulation

The aim of this research was to study the effects of the CSN1AG allele on the main rennet coagulation properties of milk. The study was carried out on individual milk samples with low αs1-casein obtained from 19 Italian Brown cows heterozygous for the CSN1AG allele (seventeen CSN1A BG and two CSN1A CG) from four herds in the province of Parma (Italy). Control cows (sixteen CSN1A BB and three CSN1A BC) giving milk with normal αs1-casein levels were chosen from within the same herds in order to establish pairs of cows with identical environment and management conditions, and comparable lactation stages and numbers. Individual milk samples from single pairs of cows with somatic cell counts and lactose and chloride levels within the normal ranges were collected and analysed in parallel. Rennet coagulation properties of milk were analysed using Formagraph and Gel Tester. Milk from low αs1-casein cows was characterized by lower casein content, lower titratable acidity and a higher proportion of κ-casein in total casein. The clotting time of this milk was ∼ 23% lower than that obtained with milk from normal αs1-casein cows. Rennet curd from low αs1-casein milk was obtained more rapidly and had a higher final firmness: curd-firming time was ∼ 35% lower and curd firmness measured 30 min after rennet addition was ∼ 27 % higher compared with that for normal αs1-casein milk. In addition, curd from low αs1-casein milk had a higher resistance to compression. These results suggest that, although a role for the CSN2 locus cannot be definitely excluded, the CSN1AG allele can considerably affect the main rennet coagulation properties of milk.

scholarly journals Short communication: Influence of the sampling device on somatic cell count variation in cow milk samples (by official recording)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e05SC01
Author(s):  
Ramiro Fouz ◽  
María J. Vilar ◽  
Eduardo Yus ◽  
María-Luisa Sanjuán ◽  
Francisco J. Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts

<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in cow´s milk somatic cell counts (SCC) depending on the type of milk meter used by dairy farms for official milk recording. The study was performed in 2011 and 2012 in the major cattle area of Spain. In total, 137,846 lactations of Holstein-Friesian cows were analysed at 1,912 farms. A generalised least squares regression model was used for data analysis. The model showed that the milk meter had a substantial effect on the SCC for individual milk samples obtained for official milk recording. The results suggested an overestimation of the SCC in milk samples from farms that had electronic devices in comparison with farms that used portable devices and underestimation when volumetric meters are used. A weak positive correlation was observed between the SCC and the percentage of fat in individual milk samples. The results underline the importance of considering this variable when using SCC data from milk recording in the dairy herd improvement program or in quality milk programs.</p>

Presence of cathelicidin-1 in milk as an indicator of the severity of mammary infection in ewes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki I. Katsafadou ◽  
Natalia G.C. Vasileiou ◽  
George T. Tsangaris ◽  
Katerina S. Ioannidi ◽  
Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Important Disease

: Aims: The importance of cathelicidin-1 as an indicator of the severity of mammary infection in ewes. Background: Mastitis is an important disease of sheep, affecting their health and welfare. Objective: The association of the presence of cathelicidin-1 in milk samples from ewes with mastitis with the severity of the infection. Methods: Ewes were intramammarily inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica or Staphylococcus chromogenes. Conventional (clinical, bacteriological and cytological examinations; milk yield measurements) and proteomics evaluation (2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS) to record cathelicidin-1 spot optical densities in milk samples were recorded. Results: Ewes challenged with M. haemolytica developed clinical and ewes challenged with S. chromogenes subclinical mastitis (P=0.05). The challenge organism was isolated from milk samples from inoculated mammary glands; increased somatic cell counts were also recorded. Cathelicidin-1 was detected in milk samples from the inoculated side of udders of all ewes. Mean spot density of cathelicidin-1 from samples from inoculated glands of ewes challenged with M. haemolytica was higher than from ewes challenged with S. chromogenes: 2896 ± 973 versus 1312 ± 361 (P =0.034). There were significant correlations between the presence of clinical mastitis / somatic cell counts with the spot density of cathelicidin-1 on 2-DE gels (P=0.043 and P=0.023, respectively). There was also a significant inverse correlation between the mean spot densities of cathelicidin-1 in milk samples and the milk yield of respective ewes on D10 (P =0.031). Conclusion: Potentially, cathelicidin-1 could be used as a marker to indicate the severity of damage to the mammary parenchyma.

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