Clinically silent magnetic resonance imaging findings after subdural strip electrode implantation

Object Subdural strip electrodes (SSEs) are often used as part of the workup in patients being considered for epilepsy surgery. To assess for complications or to confirm electrode placement, postoperative imaging is often performed. Imaging performed with the electrodes in situ is limited by streak artifact on CT and susceptibility artifact on MR imaging. Therefore, the first opportunity for high-quality postoperative imaging is following explantation of electrodes. There is no data available to determine what would be the expected MR imaging appearance following insertion of SSE. The purpose of this study is to describe the MR imaging findings in asymptomatic patients who underwent insertion of SSEs. Methods Twenty consecutive patients who underwent SSE insertion were studied. Within 24 hours after removal of the electrodes, each patient underwent MR imaging that included axial T2-weighted, gradient echo, diffusion weighted, and coronal FLAIR sequences. No significant symptoms were reported by any of the patients. The studies were reviewed by an experienced, blinded neuroradiologist and categorized. Results Of the 20 patients studied, 11 were female (mean age 36 years). Clinically silent postexplantation MR imaging abnormalities were found in all patients: subdural hematomas in 7 (35%), cortical contusions in 5 (25%), local edema in 5 (25%), trans–bur hole cortical herniation in 5 (25%), subdural hygromas in 2 (10%), and pneumocranium in 4 (20%). The MR imaging abnormalities were subdivided into 2 types: Type A, abnormalities related to the site of electrode insertion; and Type B, abnormalities related to the location of the electrodes. The most common location for a Type A abnormality was occipitotemporal, with cortical contusions occurring in this location in 18% of cases, local edema in 24%, and trans–bur hole herniation in 24%. The next most common location was frontal, with cortical contusions found in this location in 10% of cases, local edema in 5% and trans–bur hole herniation in 5%. The most common Type B abnormality was a subdural hematoma, followed by pneumocranium and subdural hygroma. Conclusions Clinically silent MR imaging abnormalities are common following SSE placement. Knowledge of these findings would be of assistance in interpreting MR imaging results in patients being assessed for complications.

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Classification of osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Bone and Joint Research ◽

10.1302/2046-3758.810.bjr-2019-0022.r1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 451-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yutaka Kuroda ◽

Takeyuki Tanaka ◽

Takaki Miyagawa ◽

Toshiyuki Kawai ◽

Koji Goto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Femoral Head ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Type A ◽

Type B ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Joint Preserving Surgery ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Study Results ◽

Collapse Rate

Objectives Using a simple classification method, we aimed to estimate the collapse rate due to osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in order to develop treatment guidelines for joint-preserving surgeries. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 505 hips from 310 patients (141 men, 169 women; mean age 45.5 years (sd 14.9; 15 to 86)) diagnosed with ONFH and classified them using the Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) classification. The JIC system includes four visualized types based on the location and size of osteonecrotic lesions on weightbearing surfaces (types A, B, C1, and C2) and the stage of ONFH. The collapse rate due to ONFH was calculated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, with radiological collapse/arthroplasty as endpoints. Results Bilateral cases accounted for 390 hips, while unilateral cases accounted for 115. According to the JIC types, 21 hips were type A, 34 were type B, 173 were type C1, and 277 were type C2. At initial diagnosis, 238/505 hips (47.0%) had already collapsed. Further, the cumulative survival rate was analyzed in 212 precollapsed hips, and the two-year and five-year collapse rates were found to be 0% and 0%, 7.9% and 7.9%, 23.2% and 36.6%, and 57.8% and 84.8% for types A, B, C1, and C2, respectively. Conclusion Type A ONFH needs no further treatment, but precollapse type C2 ONFH warrants immediate treatment with joint-preserving surgery. Considering the high collapse rate, our study results justify the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in asymptomatic patients with type C2 ONFH. Cite this article: Y. Kuroda, T. Tanaka, T. Miyagawa, T. Kawai, K. Goto, S. Tanaka, S. Matsuda, H. Akiyama. Classification of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: Who should have surgery?. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:451–458. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.810.BJR-2019-0022.R1.

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Infrared microspectroscopic imaging as a probing tool to fast distinguish chemical compositions in calcified deposits of prostatic calculi and calcific tendonitis

Spectroscopy An International Journal ◽

10.1155/2011/249253 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 207-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shan-Yang Lin ◽

Tieh-Kang Wu ◽

Hong-Jen Chiou ◽

Ted Hueih-Shing Hsu ◽

Chih-Cheng Lin

Keyword(s):

Imaging System ◽

Single Point ◽

Type A ◽

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Type B ◽

Carbonated Apatite ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Calcific Tendonitis ◽

Ft Ir

The specificity and homogeneity of the real compositional components within the calcified deposits of prostatic calculi and calcific tendonitis were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy with or without automatic imaging system. The second-derivative analysis was also applied to differentiate the overlapping components of individual spectra for the calcified samples. The FT-IR microscopic imaging results of present study indicate that the complicated components such as protein, type B or type A carbonated apatite, brushite and calcium oxalate monohydrate were contained in the calcified tissue of prostatic tissue, but the protein, type A and type B carbonated apatites were mainly included in the calcific tendonitis. However, the traditional manually single-point FT-IR spectral result only reveals a little component contained in the calcified tissues, leading to an inaccurate diagnose of the complicated components in the calcified mixture.

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Biological and Morphological Studies on Low-Leukemia-Strain Mice with Hodgkin's-Like Neoplasia Induced by Serial Cell-Free Transmission of Leukemic Organs of SJL/J Strain Mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100792 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

S. Fujinaga ◽

K. Maruyama ◽

C.W. Williams ◽

K. Sekhri ◽

L. Dmochowski

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Type A ◽

Reticulum Cell ◽

Type B ◽

Viral Origin ◽

Serial Transfer ◽

Strain Mouse ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Cell Neoplasm ◽

Free Material

Yumoto and Dmochowski (Cancer Res.27, 2098 (1967)) reported the presence of mature and immature type C leukemia virus particles in leukemic organs and tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, liver, and kidneys of SJL/J strain mice with Hodgki's-like disease or reticulum cell neoplasm (type B). In an attempt to ascertain the possibility that this neoplasia may be of viral origin, experiments with induction and transmission of this neoplasm were carried out using cell-free extracts of leukemic organs from an SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous disease.It has been possible to induce the disease in low-leukemia BALB/c and C3HZB strain mice and serially transfer the neoplasia by cell-free extracts of leukemic organs of these mice. Histological examination revealed the neoplasia to be of either reticulum cell-type A or type B. Serial transfer is now in its fifth passage. In addition leukemic spleen from another SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm (type A) was set up in tissue culture and is now in its 141st serial passage in vitro. Preliminary results indicate that cell-free material of 39th tissue culture passage can reproduce neoplasia in BALB/c mice.

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Diffuse mixed type osseous metastases of medulloblastoma in an adult: MR imaging findings

European Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1016/s0720-048x(02)00089-x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0

Author(s):

B Yagmurlu

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Mixed Type ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Osseous Metastases

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Castleman disease of the parotid gland: MR imaging findings with pathologic correlation

European Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1016/s0720-048x(02)00253-x ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

F Takayama

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Parotid Gland ◽

Castleman Disease ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Pathologic Correlation

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Endovascular treatment of acute complicated type B aortic dissection – morphological factors affecting the occurrence of retrograde type A aortic dissection

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon ◽

10.1055/s-0031-1297450 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

G Weiss ◽

S Folkmann ◽

M Gorlitzer ◽

ML Harrer ◽

R Moidl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Dissection ◽

Endovascular Treatment ◽

Type A ◽

Type B ◽

Type B Aortic Dissection ◽

Type A Aortic Dissection ◽

Factors Affecting

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Anticoagulant Activity of β2-Glycoprotein I Is Potentiated by a Distinct Subgroup of Anticardiolipin Antibodies

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1656368 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (03) ◽

pp. 297-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

Monica Galli ◽

Paul Comfurius ◽

Tiziano Barbui ◽

Robert F A Zwaal ◽

Edouard M Bevers

Keyword(s):

Human Plasma ◽

Anticoagulant Activity ◽

Factor Xa ◽

Type A ◽

Lipid Vesicles ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Type B ◽

Distinct Subgroup ◽

Glycoprotein I ◽

Thrombin Formation

SummaryPlasmas of 16 patients positive for both IgG anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibodies were subjected to adsorption with liposomes containing cardiolipin. In 5 of these plasmas both the anticardiolipin and the anticoagulant activities were co-sedimented with the liposomes in a dose-dependent manner, whereas in the remaining cases only the anticardiolipin activity could be removed by the liposomes, leaving the anticoagulant activity (LA) in the supernatant plasma. aCL antibodies purified from the first 5 plasmas were defined as aCL-type A, while the term aCL-type B was used for antibodies in the other 11 plasmas, from which 2 were selected for this study.Prolongation of the dRVVT was produced by affinity-purified aCL-type A antibodies in plasma of human as well as animal (bovine, rat and goat) origin. aCL-type B antibodies were found to be devoid of anticoagulant activity, while the corresponding supernatants containing LA IgG produced prolongation of the dRVVT only in human plasma.These anticoagulant activities of aCL-type A and of LA IgG's were subsequently evaluated in human plasma depleted of β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI), a protein which was previously shown to be essential in the binding of aCL antibodies to anionic phospholipids. Prolongation of the dRVVT by aCL-type A antibodies was abolished using β2-GPI deficient plasma, but could be restored upon addition of β2-GPI. In contrast, LA IgG caused prolongation of the dRVVT irrespective of the presence or absence of β2-GPI.Since β2-GPI binds to negatively-charged phospholipids and impedes the conversion of prothrombin by the factor Xa/Va enzyme complex (Nimpf et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 884: 142–9), comparison was made of the effect of aCL-type A and aCL-type B antibodies on the rate of thrombin formation in the presence and absence of β2-GPI. This was measured in a system containing highly purified coagulation factors Xa, Va and prothrombin and lipid vesicles composed of 20 mole% phosphatidylserine and 80 mole% phosphatidylcholine. No inhibition on the rate of thrombin formation was observed with both types of aCL antibodies when either β2-GPI or the lipid vesicles were omitted. Addition of β2-GPI to the prothrombinase assay in the presence of lipid vesicles causes a time-dependent inhibition which was not affected by the presence of aCL-type B or non-specific IgG. In contrast, the presence of aCL-type A antibodies dramatically increased the anticoagulant effect of β2-GPI. These data indicate that the anticoagulant activity of aCL-type A antibodies in plasma is mediated by β2-GPI.

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