scholarly journals Infrared microspectroscopic imaging as a probing tool to fast distinguish chemical compositions in calcified deposits of prostatic calculi and calcific tendonitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan-Yang Lin ◽  
Tieh-Kang Wu ◽  
Hong-Jen Chiou ◽  
Ted Hueih-Shing Hsu ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Type A ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Type B ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Calcific Tendonitis ◽  
Ft Ir

The specificity and homogeneity of the real compositional components within the calcified deposits of prostatic calculi and calcific tendonitis were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy with or without automatic imaging system. The second-derivative analysis was also applied to differentiate the overlapping components of individual spectra for the calcified samples. The FT-IR microscopic imaging results of present study indicate that the complicated components such as protein, type B or type A carbonated apatite, brushite and calcium oxalate monohydrate were contained in the calcified tissue of prostatic tissue, but the protein, type A and type B carbonated apatites were mainly included in the calcific tendonitis. However, the traditional manually single-point FT-IR spectral result only reveals a little component contained in the calcified tissues, leading to an inaccurate diagnose of the complicated components in the calcified mixture.

Ab Initio Simulations on the Carbonated Apatite Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Zeng Ren ◽  
Yang Leng ◽  
Xiong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Type A ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Type B ◽  
Carbonate Group ◽  
Stable Type ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Type Ab

ab initio simulations were employed to investigate the crystal structure of carbonated apatite (CAp). Two possible sites for the carbonate ions in the apatite lattice were considered: carbonate substituting for OH-ion (type-A) and for PO43-ion (type-B). A combined type-AB substitution was also proposed and numerous possible charge compensation mechanisms were treated. The results show that the most stable type-A CAp had its carbonate triangular plane almost parallel to c-axis, making an angle of about 2° at z = 0.46. In the most stable type-B CAp structure, the nearest Ca (2) ion was replaced by a sodium ion and the carbonate group was lying almost flat inb/c-plane. Of all the models considered, mixed substitution type-AB where two carbonate ions replacing one phosphate group and one hydroxyl group shows the most stable structure.

Clinically silent magnetic resonance imaging findings after subdural strip electrode implantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal A. J. Al-Otaibi ◽  
Abdullah Alabousi ◽  
Jorge G. Burneo ◽  
Donald H. Lee ◽  
Andrew G. Parrent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Type A ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Type B ◽  
Postoperative Imaging ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Electrode Insertion

Object Subdural strip electrodes (SSEs) are often used as part of the workup in patients being considered for epilepsy surgery. To assess for complications or to confirm electrode placement, postoperative imaging is often performed. Imaging performed with the electrodes in situ is limited by streak artifact on CT and susceptibility artifact on MR imaging. Therefore, the first opportunity for high-quality postoperative imaging is following explantation of electrodes. There is no data available to determine what would be the expected MR imaging appearance following insertion of SSE. The purpose of this study is to describe the MR imaging findings in asymptomatic patients who underwent insertion of SSEs. Methods Twenty consecutive patients who underwent SSE insertion were studied. Within 24 hours after removal of the electrodes, each patient underwent MR imaging that included axial T2-weighted, gradient echo, diffusion weighted, and coronal FLAIR sequences. No significant symptoms were reported by any of the patients. The studies were reviewed by an experienced, blinded neuroradiologist and categorized. Results Of the 20 patients studied, 11 were female (mean age 36 years). Clinically silent postexplantation MR imaging abnormalities were found in all patients: subdural hematomas in 7 (35%), cortical contusions in 5 (25%), local edema in 5 (25%), trans–bur hole cortical herniation in 5 (25%), subdural hygromas in 2 (10%), and pneumocranium in 4 (20%). The MR imaging abnormalities were subdivided into 2 types: Type A, abnormalities related to the site of electrode insertion; and Type B, abnormalities related to the location of the electrodes. The most common location for a Type A abnormality was occipitotemporal, with cortical contusions occurring in this location in 18% of cases, local edema in 24%, and trans–bur hole herniation in 24%. The next most common location was frontal, with cortical contusions found in this location in 10% of cases, local edema in 5% and trans–bur hole herniation in 5%. The most common Type B abnormality was a subdural hematoma, followed by pneumocranium and subdural hygroma. Conclusions Clinically silent MR imaging abnormalities are common following SSE placement. Knowledge of these findings would be of assistance in interpreting MR imaging results in patients being assessed for complications.

Fine scale study of major and trace elements in the Fe-Mn nodules from the South China Sea and constraints on their formation processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Guan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Type A ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Type B ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Mineral Phases

<p>The marine Fe-Mn polymetallic nodules contain relatively high concentrations of Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co and rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY), with a growing economic potential interest in their exploitation. To determinate the metallogenic processes and occurrence phases of the economic metals in the Fe-Mn nodules, we have undertaken high resolution mineralogical and geochemical studies of Fe-Mn nodules collected from the South China Sea (SCS).<br>The whole-rock mineralogical and chemical compositions of the SCS Fe-Mn nodules indicate hydrogenetic origin. The Mn mineral phases mainly are composed of nanocrystalline vernadite with interlayered 10 Å and 7 Å phyllomanganates, such as todorokite, birnessite, and buserite. Fe(-Ti) oxides/hydroxides are intergrown and essentially X-ray amorphous feroxyhyte and goethite. But we recognize two main types of internal microlayers in the SCS Fe-Mn nodules: Layer type A of suboxic diagenetic precipitates with extremely high Mn/Fe ratio and concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, Ba, Li and Mg; Layer type B of oxic hydrogenetic accretions with low fractionation of Mn and Fe and high contents of Co, REY, Ti, Sr and Pb. Furthermore, the elemental mapping indicates that the enrichment of Co and REY mainly associated with Fe mineral phases rather than Mn mineral phases, which are enriched in Mg, Cu, Ni, Zn, Li and Ba. Two mineralization processes and distributions of metals in the individual microlayers respectively are controlled and occurred by the different mineral phases. The increasing occurrence of 10 Å and 7 Å phyllomanganates present in the Layer type A are typically enriched in trace metals such as Ni, Cu, Zn, Li, Ba, and Mg, whereas the metals associated with the Layer type B include Co, Ti, Pb, Sr, REY, which might be carried by the intergrown of Fe(-Ti) oxyhydroxides and vernadite. Thus, hydrogenesis is more beneficial to the enrichment of Fe, Co, Ti, Sr, Pb and REY, while diagenesis is more favorable for the enrichment of Mn, Ni, Zn, Cu, Li, Ba and Mg during the metallogenic processes of the SCS nodules.</p>

Carbonated Apatite, Type-A or Type-B?

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Zeng Ren ◽  
Yang Leng
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Type A ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Apatite Crystal ◽  
Type B ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Apatite Crystals ◽  
Carbonate Substitution ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
The Comparative Study

Carbonated apatite, the basic mineral component in human hard tissues and an important bioceramic material, has been extensively studied. However, its atomic arrangements in apatite crystal structure and its experimental characterization are still not lack of debating. We analyzed infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy for carbonated apatite determinations, by comparatively studying the IR spectra of hydroxyapatite and of surface carbonate absorption, biological apatites (human enamel, human cortical bone, and two animal bones) and carbonated apatite. The carbonated apatite samples were sythesized by various methods, including precipitation method, hydrothermal reaction and solid-gas reaction at high temperature. The comparative study indicates that the bands at ~880 cm-1, ~1413 cm-1, and ~1450 cm-1 should not be used to identify carbonated apatite since they may result from carbonate absorption on surfaces of apatite crystals or separated carbonate phase present with apatite crystals. The IR characteristic bands of carbonate substitution in apatites should be: ν3 at ~1465 cm-1 for type-B (CO3 substituting for PO4) and ν3 band at ~1546 cm-1 for type A (CO3 substituting for OH). These signature IR bands are further confirmed by the ab initio simulations.

Biological and Morphological Studies on Low-Leukemia-Strain Mice with Hodgkin's-Like Neoplasia Induced by Serial Cell-Free Transmission of Leukemic Organs of SJL/J Strain Mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
S. Fujinaga ◽  
K. Maruyama ◽  
C.W. Williams ◽  
K. Sekhri ◽  
L. Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Type A ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Type B ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Strain Mouse ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Free Material

Yumoto and Dmochowski (Cancer Res.27, 2098 (1967)) reported the presence of mature and immature type C leukemia virus particles in leukemic organs and tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, liver, and kidneys of SJL/J strain mice with Hodgki's-like disease or reticulum cell neoplasm (type B). In an attempt to ascertain the possibility that this neoplasia may be of viral origin, experiments with induction and transmission of this neoplasm were carried out using cell-free extracts of leukemic organs from an SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous disease.It has been possible to induce the disease in low-leukemia BALB/c and C3HZB strain mice and serially transfer the neoplasia by cell-free extracts of leukemic organs of these mice. Histological examination revealed the neoplasia to be of either reticulum cell-type A or type B. Serial transfer is now in its fifth passage. In addition leukemic spleen from another SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm (type A) was set up in tissue culture and is now in its 141st serial passage in vitro. Preliminary results indicate that cell-free material of 39th tissue culture passage can reproduce neoplasia in BALB/c mice.

Anticoagulant Activity of β2-Glycoprotein I Is Potentiated by a Distinct Subgroup of Anticardiolipin Antibodies

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Galli ◽  
Paul Comfurius ◽  
Tiziano Barbui ◽  
Robert F A Zwaal ◽  
Edouard M Bevers
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Type A ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Type B ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Thrombin Formation

SummaryPlasmas of 16 patients positive for both IgG anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibodies were subjected to adsorption with liposomes containing cardiolipin. In 5 of these plasmas both the anticardiolipin and the anticoagulant activities were co-sedimented with the liposomes in a dose-dependent manner, whereas in the remaining cases only the anticardiolipin activity could be removed by the liposomes, leaving the anticoagulant activity (LA) in the supernatant plasma. aCL antibodies purified from the first 5 plasmas were defined as aCL-type A, while the term aCL-type B was used for antibodies in the other 11 plasmas, from which 2 were selected for this study.Prolongation of the dRVVT was produced by affinity-purified aCL-type A antibodies in plasma of human as well as animal (bovine, rat and goat) origin. aCL-type B antibodies were found to be devoid of anticoagulant activity, while the corresponding supernatants containing LA IgG produced prolongation of the dRVVT only in human plasma.These anticoagulant activities of aCL-type A and of LA IgG's were subsequently evaluated in human plasma depleted of β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI), a protein which was previously shown to be essential in the binding of aCL antibodies to anionic phospholipids. Prolongation of the dRVVT by aCL-type A antibodies was abolished using β2-GPI deficient plasma, but could be restored upon addition of β2-GPI. In contrast, LA IgG caused prolongation of the dRVVT irrespective of the presence or absence of β2-GPI.Since β2-GPI binds to negatively-charged phospholipids and impedes the conversion of prothrombin by the factor Xa/Va enzyme complex (Nimpf et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 884: 142–9), comparison was made of the effect of aCL-type A and aCL-type B antibodies on the rate of thrombin formation in the presence and absence of β2-GPI. This was measured in a system containing highly purified coagulation factors Xa, Va and prothrombin and lipid vesicles composed of 20 mole% phosphatidylserine and 80 mole% phosphatidylcholine. No inhibition on the rate of thrombin formation was observed with both types of aCL antibodies when either β2-GPI or the lipid vesicles were omitted. Addition of β2-GPI to the prothrombinase assay in the presence of lipid vesicles causes a time-dependent inhibition which was not affected by the presence of aCL-type B or non-specific IgG. In contrast, the presence of aCL-type A antibodies dramatically increased the anticoagulant effect of β2-GPI. These data indicate that the anticoagulant activity of aCL-type A antibodies in plasma is mediated by β2-GPI.

Feeding behaviour and bioerosion: the ecological role of the rock-boring urchin, Echinometra mathaei (de Blainville, 1825), in Okinawa reef flat

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Noar Muda Satyawan ◽  
Shelly Tutupoho ◽  
Yusli Wardiatno ◽  
Makoto Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Type A ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Type B ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems

Erosion rate on corals due to activities of other biota is called bioerosion. The rock-boring urchin, Echinometra mathaei, when it is abundant, plays a significant role in benthic ecosystems, including biological processes like coral erosion. During feeding, E. mathaei erodes calcium carbonate besides grazing on algae living on coral, so it plays an important role in both organic and inorganic carbons in coral reefs. The urchin E. mathaei actively feeds during the night time (nocturnal grazer). Although in Okinawa four types (A-D) of the urchin exist, the research only focused on the types A and B. Type A of E. mathaei produced 0.44951 g feces per day on average while type B produced 0.38030 g feces per day. CaCO3 analysis in feces and gut contents showed bioerosion rate of E. mathaei type A was 0.64492 g/individu/day, and 0.54436 g/individu/day in type B. There were no significant differences in bioerosion impact of E. mathaei type A and B© Laju erosi pada karang yang disebabkan oleh biota, dikenal dengan bioerosi. Bulu babi jenis Echinometra mathaei, ketika melimpah, menjadi sangat berpengaruh terhadap ekosistem bentik termasuk proses biologi seperti erosi karang. Selama aktivitas makan, E. mathaei menggerus kalsium karbonat dalam proporsi yang besar di samping alga yang tumbuh menempel pada karang sehingga memiliki peran penting dalam siklus karbon organik dan anorganik di ekosistem terumbu karang. Bulu babi E. mathaei aktif mencari makan pada malam hari (nocturnal grazer). Meskipun di Okinanawa ada 4 tipe (A-D), pada eksperimen kali ini memfokuskan pada tipe A dan B saja. Tipe A E. mathaei rata-rata memproduksi 0,44951 g feses/hari dan tipe B memproduksi 0,38030 g feses/hari. Berdasarkan analisis CaCO3 yang dilakukan pada feses dan isi lambung, laju bioerosi yang disebabkan oleh E. mathaei tipe A sebesar 0,64492 g/individu/hari sedangkan tipe B sebesar 0,54436 g/individu/hari. Tidak terdapat perbedaan dampak bioerosi yang signifikan antara E. mathaei tipe A dan B©

scholarly journals CTNI-03. IMAGING FEATURES OF LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASES OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: A SINGLE-CENTER REAL-WORLD STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii41-ii41
Author(s):  
Junjie Zhen ◽  
Lei Wen ◽  
Shaoqun Li ◽  
Mingyao Lai ◽  
Changguo Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Type A ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type D ◽  
Mri Examination ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND According to EANO-ESMO clinical practice guidelines, the MRI findings of LM are divided into 4 types, namely linear enhancement (type A), nodular enhancement (type B), linear combined with nodular enhancement (type C), and sign of hydrocephalus (type D). METHODS The MRI features of brain and spinal cord in patients diagnosed with NSCLC-LM in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from 2010 until 2019 were investigated, and then were classified into 4 types. The imaging features were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 80 patients were enrolled in the study. The median age of the patients was 53.5 years old, and the median time from the initial diagnosis to the confirmed diagnosis of LM was 11.6 months. The results of enhanced MRI examination of the brain in 79 cases showed that the number of cases with enhancements of type A, B, C and D were 50 (63.3%), 0, 26 (32.9%) and 3 (3.8%), respectively, and that LM with metastases to the brain parenchyma was found in 42 cases (53.2%). The results of enhanced MRI examination of spinal cord in 59 cases showed that there were only enhancements of type A and C in 40 cases (67.8%) and 3 cases (5.0%), and no enhancement sign in the other 16 cases (27.2%). CONCLUSION MRI examination of brain and spinal cord will improve the detection rate of LM. The MRI features of NSCLC-LM in real world are mainly characterized by the linear enhancements of brain and spinal cord, followed by linear combined with nodular enhancement. The enhancements of type B and type D are rare in clinic. Almost half of the patients have LM and metastases to the brain parenchyma. Therefore, the differentiation of tumor metastases is needed to be paid attention to for the early diagnosis and the formulation of reasonable treatment plans.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene and frequency of blood types in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Can ◽  
Sedef Erkunt Alak ◽  
Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu ◽  
Umut Şahar ◽  
Berna Bostanbaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Cytidine monophospho-n-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene associated with blood groups in cats encodes CMAH enzyme that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc. Although variations in CMAH gene of pedigree cats have been revealed, the presence/lack of them in non-pedigree stray cats is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the variations in CMAH gene and the quantity of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc on erythrocytes of non-pedigree stray cats (n:12) living in İzmir, Turkey. Also, the frequency of blood types was determined in 76 stray cats including 12 cats that were used for CMAH and Neu5A/Neu5Gc analysis. Results In total, 14 SNPs were detected in 5’UTR as well as in exon 2, 4, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of CMAH gene. Among these SNPs, -495 C > T in 5’UTR was detected for the first time as heterozygous in type A and AB cats, and homozygous and heterozygous in type B cats. The remaining 13 that have been detected in previous studies were also found as homozygous or heterozygous. Both Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac were detected in type A and AB cats. In type B cats, only Neu5Ac was detected. Among two type AB cats, the level of Neu5Ac was found higher in cat carrying heterozygous form (T/C) of 1392T > C. The prevalence of type B cats (67.1 %) was higher than others. Conclusions The presence of a new SNP as well as previous SNPs indicates that more variations can be found in stray cats with a more comprehensive study in the future. Also, the high prevalence of type B cats demonstrates the possible risk of neonatal isoerythrolysis among stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey.

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