scholarly journals Primary spinal cord astroblastoma: case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Merrit Yamada ◽  
Yusuke Tomita ◽  
Soichiro Shibui ◽  
Mikiko Takahashi ◽  
Masashi Kawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Tumor Shrinkage ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Rectal Dysfunction

Astroblastoma is a rare tumor that is thought to occur exclusively in the cerebrum. To the authors’ knowledge, no cases of spinal cord astroblastoma have been reported. A 20-year-old woman presented with numbness in her legs. MRI demonstrated a 2-cm intramedullary enhancing lesion in the spinal cord at the T-1 level. The patient declined to undergo resection of the tumor because she was able to walk unassisted; however, she returned for surgery 1 month later because she had developed paraplegia with bladder and rectal dysfunction, and MRI showed enlargement of the tumor. Intraoperatively, the border between the tumor and normal tissue was poorly defined. Biopsy samples were obtained for histopathological examinations, and a diagnosis of astroblastoma with a Ki-67 index of 5% was made. Considering the rapid tumor growth on MRI and remarkable deterioration in her symptoms, the patient was treated with a combination of radiation therapy, temozolomide (TMZ), and bevacizumab. After completion of the combined treatment, she was able to move her toes, and oral TMZ and bevacizumab injections were continued. Six months later, definite tumor shrinkage was identified on MRI, and the patient was able to stand up from a wheelchair without assistance and walk by herself. No therapeutic regimens for residual astroblastoma are established; however, in this case the authors’ therapeutic strategy was successful in treating the spinal cord astroblastoma.

Normal-tissue toxicities of thoracic radiation therapy: esophagus, lung, and spinal cord as organs at risk

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Werner-Wasik ◽  
Xiaoli Yu ◽  
Lawrence B Marks ◽  
Timothy E Schultheiss
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Thoracic Radiation

scholarly journals Primary intramedullary melanoma

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. E6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco M. Salpietro ◽  
Concetta Alafaci ◽  
Olga Gervasio ◽  
Giovanni La Rosa ◽  
Francesco Tomasello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

Primary intramedullary melanoma is a very rare tumor, most frequently occurring in the middle or lower thoracic spinal cord. The authors present a new case of primary cervical cord melanoma that developed in a 62-year-old man whose tumor was surgically treated and subsequently received radiation therapy. Clinical and histogenetic features of this neoplasm, results of chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy are reported. Both “disembryogenetic” and “mesodermal” hypotheses on the origin of primary spinal melanoma are discussed.

scholarly journals Leiomyoma of the Female Urethra—A Rare Tumor: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrinal Pahwa ◽  
Yusuf Saifee ◽  
Archna R. Pahwa ◽  
Manu Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumor ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Female Urethra ◽  
Urethral Leiomyoma ◽  
Muscle Tumor

Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor which is rarely found in urethra. Only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature. We hereby report a case of urethral leiomyoma in a twenty-seven-year-old female who presented with intermittent hematuria. Mass was completely excised with a rim of normal tissue. Patient remained asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence in followup.

scholarly journals P14.65 Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: literature review& case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii82-iii82
Author(s):  
G Agabekyan ◽  
G Kobyakov ◽  
K Lodygina ◽  
N Kobyakov ◽  
O Absalyamova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Grade Iii

Abstract Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare glial brain tumor. 9% to 30% cases have anaplastic features which determine poor prognosis. Anaplastic features may be found either in primary tumor or in recurrent PXA in any time frame. According to WHO 2016 Brain Tumor Classification, anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (aPXA) was reclassified as grade III tumor (previously grade II). Characteristic features for aPXA are mitotic index of 5% or higher and worse 5-year survival rates in comparison with PXA: 57.1% and 90.4%, respectively. About 6% cases have TP53 gene mutation. About 60–78% tumors are BRAF-mutated, which is a potential target for therapy. Currently there are ongoing clinical trials to determine efficacy of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in pediatric patients with high-grade glioma with BRAF mutation. There is a number of publications showing positive outcome of targeted therapy both in children and adults. Treatment protocol for aPXA has not been defined. Case report Patient N. 14-y.o. female. MRI showed tumor of left occipital lobe. 02.03.2016 stereotactic biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed diffuse astrocytic glioma WHO grade III-IV. Radiation therapy was performed, after which patient’s condition abruptly deteriorated with back pain, patient became almost unable to walk, however control MRI showed no signs of spinal dissemination. 01.12.2016 surgery to remove left occipital lobe tumor was performed. 07.12.2016 MRI showed contrast enhancing lesions throughout entire length of the spinal cord. Histological examination revealed aPXA gr. III, Ki-67 up to 8%. From December to June 2017 patient received 6 cycles of chemotherapy with temozolomide. Molecular testing discovered BRAF V600 mutation in exon 15. Chemotherapy regimen was thereby changed to vemurafenib 1920 mg/day from July 2017. After a month of treatment patient developed cutaneous toxicity and the dose was lowered to 960 mg/day. Patient’s condition improved: back pain syndrome regressed, lower extremity muscle strength increased, patient became able to walk. MRI 03.12.2017 revealed an increase of contrast enhancing lesion and T2-FLAIR hyperintense signal area in left occipital lobe, no progression in spinal cord. Methionine PET/CT was performed, the findings were evaluated as a combination of radiation necrosis and glioma growth. In view of MRI and PET/CT findings, amount of time passed after radiation therapy, we decided to include bevacizumab 400 mg every 2 weeks in the regimen. Since January 2018 patient is receiving vemurafenib 960 mg/day and bevacizumab 400 mg every 2 weeks. There is a marked positive dynamic in clinical findings and imaging data (MRI and PET/CT). We report the patient with aPXA and prolonged response to targeted therapy. The presence of the BRAF V600E mutation was possibility of treatment which led to successful results.

scholarly journals Determining the Radiation Enhancement Effects of Gold Nanoparticles in Cells in a Combined Treatment with Cisplatin and Radiation at Therapeutic Megavoltage Energies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Yang ◽  
Kyle Bromma ◽  
Wonmo Sung ◽  
Jan Schuemann ◽  
Devika B. Chithrani
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Free Drug ◽  
Survival Fraction ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Radiation Enhancement ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols ◽  
Near Future

Combined use of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is commonly used in cancer treatment, but the toxic effects on normal tissue are a major limitation. This study assesses the potential to improve radiation therapy when combining gold nanoparticle (GNP) mediated radiation sensitization with chemoradiation compared to chemoradiation alone. Incorporation of GNPs with 2 Gy, 6 MV (megavoltage) radiation resulted in a 19 ± 6% decrease in survival of MDA-MB-231 cells. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to assess dosimetric differences in the presence of GNPs in radiation. The results show that physics dosimetry represents a small fraction of the observed effect. The survival fraction of the cells exposed to GNPs, cisplatin, and radiation was 0.16 ± 0.007, while cells treated with cisplatin and radiation only was 0.23 ± 0.011. The presence of GNPs resulted in a 30 ± 6% decrease in the survival, having an additive effect. The concentration of the GNPs and free drug used for this study was 0.3 and 435 nM, respectively. These concentrations are relatively lower and achievable in an in vivo setting. Hence, the results of our study would accelerate the incorporation of GNP-mediated chemoradiation into current cancer therapeutic protocols in the near future

scholarly journals Metastatic prolactinoma: case report with immunohistochemical assessment for p53 and Ki-67 antigens

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (3b) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo S. Crusius ◽  
Cassiano M. Forcelini ◽  
Adroaldo B. Mallmann ◽  
Daniela A. Silveira ◽  
Elder Lersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Proliferative Index ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Rare Finding ◽  
Intracranial Metastases ◽  
Immunohistochemical Assessment ◽  
Pituitary Carcinomas

Pituitary carcinomas are rare neoplasms characterized by craniospinal and/or systemic metastases originated from the pituitary. Their histopathology is frequently indistinguishable from that of benign adenomas. The development of markers that better reflect their behavior is desirable. We present the case of a 47 year-old man with a prolactin-secreting macroadenoma who was submitted to surgeries, cranial radiation therapy, and bromocriptine treatment, but evolved to a fatal outcome after the disclosure of intracranial metastases. Tumor samples underwent p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical assessment. p53 was absent in all samples, a rare finding among pituitary carcinomas. Ki-67 proliferative index was 2.80% in the original tumor, 4.40% in the relapse, and 4.45% in the metastasis. The figure in the relapse is higher than the expected for a noninvasive adenoma. In conclusion, p53 staining is not positive in all pituitary carcinomas. A high Ki-67 proliferative index in a pituitary adenoma might indicate a more aggressive behavior.

Outcome of Metastatic and Recurrent Ovarian Dysgerminoma Using Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra L. Wilcox ◽  
Katherine S. Hansen ◽  
Michael S. Kent ◽  
Kathryn L. Phillips ◽  
Jennifer L. Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Extensive Disease ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Acute Side Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysgerminoma

ABSTRACT An 8 yr old female spayed poodle/terrier mixed-breed dog was referred for evaluation of a recurrent and metastatic ovarian dysgerminoma. A total dose of 20Gy was administered to both the mediastinal metastatic lesion and retroperitoneal recurrent dysgerminoma in five daily fractions of 4Gy. Acute side effects were mild and self-limiting. This was followed by several courses of chemotherapy using a variety of agents. Despite extensive disease, this patient was still alive at the time of publication, 524 days after presentation and 501 days following completion of radiation. This case report demonstrates tolerability and efficacy of palliative radiation and chemotherapy for this rare tumor type.

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