scholarly journals Management of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. E4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Sainte-Rose ◽  
Giuseppe Cinalli ◽  
Franck E. Roux ◽  
Wirginia Maixner ◽  
Paul D. Chumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Posterior Fossa Surgery ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors ◽  
Group A ◽  
Postoperative Hydrocephalus ◽  
Group B

The authors conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopically guided third ventriculostomy in the pre- and postoperative management of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients who harbored posterior fossa tumors. Between October 1, 1993, and December 31, 1997, a total of 206 consecutive children with posterior fossa tumors underwent surgery at Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades in Paris. Ten patients in whom shunts were implanted at the referring hospital were excluded. The medical records and neuroimaging studies obtained in the remaining 196 patients were reviewed. These patients were categorized into three groups: 67 patients with hydrocephalus on admission in whom endoscopically guided third ventriculostomy was performed prior to tumor removal (Group A); 82 patients with hydrocephalus in whom preliminary third ventriculostomy was not performed and who were managed in a “conventional way” (Group B); and 47 patients without ventricular dilation on admission (Group C). There was no significant difference between Group A and Group B patients with respect to age at presentation, evidence of metastatic disease, degree of tumor resection, or follow up. In the patients in Group A, however, more severe hydrocephalus was present (p < 0.01). Patients in Group C were, in this respect, different from the other two groups. Ultimately, only four patients (6%) in Group A as compared with 22 patients (27 %) in Group B (p = 0.001) had progressive hydrocephalus requiring treatment following removal of the posterior fossa tumor. Sixteen patients (20%) in Group B underwent insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which is similar to the incidence of this procedure reported in the literature and significantly different from that in Group A (p < 0.016). The other six patients in Group B (6%) were treated by endoscopically guided third ventriculostomy after tumor removal. In Group C, two patients (4%) with postoperative hydrocephalus underwent endoscopically guided third ventriculostomy. In three of the patients who required placement of cerebrospinal fluid shunts several episodes of shunt malfunction occurred; these were ultimately managed by performing endoscopic third ventriculostomy and definitive removal of the shunt. There were no cases of death and four cases of transient morbidity associated with the ventriculostomy. Third ventriculostomy is feasible even in the presence of posterior fossa tumors (including brainstem tumors). When performed prior to posterior fossa surgery, it significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus. Furthermore, it provides a valid alternative to the placement of permanent shunts in cases in which hydrocephalus develops following posterior fossa surgery, and it may negate the need for the shunt in cases in which the shunt malfunctions. Although the authors acknowledge that the routine application of third ventriculostomy in selected patients may result in a proportion of patients undergoing an “unnecessary” procedure, they believe that because of patients' less complicated postoperative course, the low morbidity rate, and the high success rate of third ventriculostomy, further investigation of this protocol is warranted.

Management of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors: the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Sainte-Rose ◽  
Giuseppe Cinalli ◽  
Franck E. Roux ◽  
Wirginia Maixner ◽  
Paul D. Chumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Posterior Fossa Surgery ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors undertook a study to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of hydrocephalus before and after surgical intervention for posterior fossa tumors in children. Methods. Between October 1, 1993, and December 31, 1997, a total of 206 consecutive children with posterior fossa tumors underwent surgery at Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades in Paris. Excluded were 10 patients in whom shunts had been placed at the referring hospital. The medical records and neuroimaging studies of the remaining 196 patients were reviewed and categorized into three groups: Group A, 67 patients with hydrocephalus present on admission in whom endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed prior to tumor removal; Group B, 82 patients with hydrocephalus who did not undergo preliminary third ventriculostomy but instead received conventional treatment; and Group C, 47 patients in whom no ventricular dilation was present on admission. There were no significant differences between patients in Group A or B with respect to the following variables: age at presentation, evidence of metastatic disease, extent of tumor resection, or follow-up duration. In patients in Group A, however, more severe hydrocephalus was demonstrated (p < 0.01); the patients in Group C were in this respect different from those in the other two groups. Ultimately, there were only four patients (6%) in Group A compared with 22 patients (26.8%) in Group B (p = 0.001) in whom progressive hydrocephalus required treatment following removal of the posterior fossa tumor. Sixteen patients (20%) in Group B underwent insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, which is similar to the incidence reported in the literature and significantly different from that demonstrated in Group A (p < 0.016). The other six patients (7.3%) were treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy after tumor resection. In Group C, two patients (4.3%) with postoperative hydrocephalus underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy. In three patients who required placement of CSF shunts several episodes of shunt malfunction occurred that were ultimately managed by endoscopic third ventriculostomy and definitive removal of the shunt. There were no deaths; however, there were four cases of transient morbidity associated with third ventriculostomy. Conclusions. Third ventriculostomy is feasible even in the presence of posterior fossa tumors (including brainstem tumors). When performed prior to posterior fossa surgery, it significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus. The procedure provides a valid alternative to placement of a permanent shunt in cases in which hydrocephalus develops following posterior fossa surgery, and it may negate the need for the shunt in cases in which the shunt malfunctions. Furthermore, in patients in whom CSF has caused spread of the tumor at presentation, third ventriculostomy allows chemotherapy to be undertaken prior to tumor excision by controlling hydrocephalus. Although the authors acknowledge that the routine application of third ventriculostomy in selected patients results in a proportion of patients undergoing an “unnecessary” procedure, they believe that because patients' postoperative courses are less complicated and because the incidence of morbidity is low and the success rate is high in those patients with severe hydrocephalus that further investigation of this protocol is warranted.

The Management of Hydrocephalus by Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Pediatric Patients with Posterior Fossa Tumors - A Preliminary Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
Paul Chumas ◽  
Christian Sainte-Rose ◽  
Guiseppe Cinalli ◽  
Dominique Renier ◽  
Michel Zerah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Intratumoral hemorrhage and deadly upward transtentorial herniation after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of posterior fossa tumor-related hydrocephalus – Case report and literature review

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Johnathan de Sousa Parreira ◽  
Adelmo Ferreira ◽  
Adriano Torres Antonucci ◽  
Natally Marques Santiago ◽  
Roberto Parente Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors ◽  
Spontaneous Bleeding ◽  
Pediatric Tumor ◽  
Intratumoral Hemorrhage ◽  
Transtentorial Herniation ◽  
Postoperative Hydrocephalus

AbstractThe management of hydrocephalus associated with posterior fossa tumors in children has always been controversial. Studies show that 71%-90% of children with posterior fossa tumors already presented hydrocephalus on admission. Of these cases, 10%-62% will have persistent hydrocephalus after surgical treatment of the tumor. The shunt, although it is an important alternative for preoperative treatment in these cases is not without complications. Among the numerous complications identified by the literature, we highlight the most rare, intratumoral hemorrhage, upward transtentorial herniation and dissemination of neoplastic cells by the peritoneum. Medulloblastoma is considered the most common malignant pediatric tumor, comprising 15%-20% of all intracranial tumors in childhood. In addition, 5%-6% of primary or recurrent medulloblastomas may be associated with spontaneous bleeding and rapid deterioration. The bleeding presents with tumor swelling, extending to the ventricular system through the tumor capsule, increased intracranial pressure and upward transtentorial herniation. Tumoral hemorrhage associated with ventricular drainage for treatment of hydrocephalus in patients with medulloblastoma represents an extremely rare phenomenon. The endoscopy third-ventriculostomy (ETV) is known to be very useful in the treatment of intracranial hypertension preoperatively and prevent persistent postoperative hydrocephalus in cases associated with posterior fossa tumors, with efficacy superior to traditional ventricular shunts. We describe a case of intratumoral hemorrhage and upward transtentorial herniation associated with endoscopic third-ventriculostomy (ETV).

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt versus Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in the treatment of Obstructive Hydrocephalus in Pediatric Midline Posterior Fossa tumors

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Tarek ◽  
Hamdy Ibrahim ◽  
H Jalalod'din ◽  
SR Tawadros
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors ◽  
Shunt Insertion ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
Csf Diversion

Abstract Background Treatment of secondary hydrocephalus due to posterior fossa tumors in these children is still a matter of controversy, although preoperative ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VP shunt) insertion before tumor excision is widely accepted among neurosurgeons but many attempts are rising to minimize permanent VP shunt insertion and associated complications and introducing third endoscopic ventriculostomy (ETV) as one of the options of 2ry hydrocephalus. Objectives Comparing the post-operative clinical success with resolution of the manifestations and post-operative complications between endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt as different modes of CSF diversion in children with 2ry hydrocephalus due to midline posterior fossa tumors. Methods The following electronic databases were searched from June 2009 to june2019: PubMed, Google scholar search engine. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, EMBASE and science Direct, using the keywords ―hydrocephalus; posterior fossa tumors; pediatrics; ventriculoperitoneal shunt; endoscopic third ventriculostomy‖. Studies were eligible if they contain the target keywords in title or abstract, addressing the Pediatric age group with 2ry hydrocephalus due to de novo posterior fossa tumor manifested by signs of increase the intra cranial tension including persistent headache and vomiting, blurred vision, 6th nerve palsy, papilledema in fundus examination, acute DCL and 2ry hydrocephalus confirmed by brain imaging. Exclusion criteria included studies including age group below 1yr or above 18 yr, or patients with recurrent post fossa tumors and operated before or patients presented by failed previously attempt of CSF diversion. Results: A total of 1255 citations were screened for eligibility,6 studies were included in our systematic review discussing, comparing and evaluating the durability of ETV versus VP shunt in treatment the 2ry hydrocephalusdue to pediatric posterior fossa tumor.. Overall study population reached 474 patients. the overall clinical findings at presentation and postoperative outcomes regarding the clinical findings improvement, radiological improvement and postoperative complications between ETV and VP shunt are compared and showing that ETV should be considered as an alternative procedure to VP shunt in controlling severe hydrocephalus related to posterior fossa tumors to relieve symptoms quickly during the preoperative period when patients should wait for their definite tumor excision. Conclusion The shorter duration of surgery, the lower incidence of morbidity, the absence of mortality, the lower incidence of procedure failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy as compared to ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and the significant advantage of not becoming shunt dependent make endoscopic third ventriculostomy to be recommended as the first choice in the treatment of pediatric patients with marked obstructive hydrocephalus due to posterior fossa tumors. It is a preliminary, simple, safe, effective, physiological, minimally invasive procedure for the relief of elevated intracranial pressure before direct tumor removal.

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus Associated with Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children

Neurosurgery ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-735
Author(s):  
F. E. Roux ◽  
G. Cinalli ◽  
C. Sainte-Rose ◽  
P. Chumas ◽  
M. Zerah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors

scholarly journals Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of hydrocephalus: A 20-year retrospective analysis of 209 consecutive cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Igor Vilela Faquini ◽  
Ricardo Brandão Fonseca ◽  
Alyne Oliveira Correia ◽  
Auricelio Batista Cezar Junior ◽  
Eduardo Vieira De Carvalho Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Csf Fistula ◽  
Group A ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Group B

Background: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been shown to be a sufficient alternative to shunts in surgical treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. Long-term failure, age limitations, and outcome by cause are some of the issues debated in literature. The objective of this article is to analyze the clinical success and failure of ETV and its main complications. Methods: A total of 209 patients with hydrocephalus were submitted to ETV, including a mixed population of children and adults (from 0 to 59 years). Patients were divided into five groups: A – tumors, B – aqueductal stenosis, C – myelomeningocele, D – infection and hemorrhage, and E – arachnoid cyst. Variables were analyzed: age, ETV success rate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, mortality, and complications. Results: The two main causes of hydrocephalus were tumors (44.9%) and aqueductal stenosis (25.3%). The overall success rate was of 82.8%, and patients in Group E had the highest rate 90.9%. Group A had a success rate of 89.3%, and Group B had a rate of 88.6%. The ETV success rate was significantly higher in patients older than 1 year (P < 0.001); the former also had a lower risk of CSF fistula (P < 0.0001). The overall mortality rate was 2.8%. Conclusion: Better results were observed in the groups of patients with tumors, aqueductal stenosis, and arachnoid cysts, while those whose primary causes of hydrocephalus were myelomeningocele, infections, or bleeding had higher rates of failure after the procedure. This study demonstrated that age under 1 year and hydrocephalus caused by myelomeningocele, bleeding, and infection were considered independent risk factors of poor prognosis in ETV.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy prior to resection of posterior fossa tumors in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Frisoli ◽  
Michael Kakareka ◽  
Kristina A. Cole ◽  
Angela J Waanders ◽  
Phillip B. Storm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Posterior Fossa Tumors
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