Atlas hypoplasia as a cause of high cervical myelopathy

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoji Komatsu ◽  
Tomoyuki Shibata ◽  
Susumu Yasuda ◽  
Yukio Ono ◽  
Tadao Nose
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Decompressive Laminectomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Cervical ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A high cervical myelopathy due to atlas hypoplasia is described in a 56-year-old man; the condition caused marked segmental compression of the spinal cord. A remarkable neurological recovery followed decompressive laminectomy of the atlas and adjacent regions. The authors discuss the embryology and etiology of this anomaly.

Anomaly of the axis causing cervical myelopathy

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Asakawa ◽  
Kiyoyuki Yanaka ◽  
Kiyoshi Narushima ◽  
Kotoo Meguro ◽  
Tadao Nose
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Decompressive Laminectomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Remarkable Recovery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Although the craniovertebral junction is one of the most common sites at which anomalies develop, spina bifida occulta of the axis (C-2) associated with cervical myelopathy is extremely rare. The authors present the case of a 46-year-old man who developed progressive tetraparesis caused by a cervical canal stenosis at the level of the axis. The spinal cord was compressed by an invaginated bifid lamina of the axis. The patient made a remarkable recovery after undergoing decompressive laminectomy of C-3 and removal of the bifid posterior arch of the axis.

Vertical translocation: the enigma of the disappearing atlantodens interval in patients with myelopathy and rheumatoid arthritis. Part I. Clinical, radiological, and neuropathological features

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian T. H. Casey ◽  
H. Alan Crockard ◽  
Jennian F. Geddes ◽  
John Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Atlantoaxial Subluxation ◽  
Lateral Mass ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
High Cervical ◽  
Fine Print

✓ This statistical comparison between patients with cervical myelopathy secondary to horizontal atlantoaxial subluxation and those with vertical translocation is designed to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for cranial settling and the effect of translocation on the development of spinal cord compression. In a 10-year study of a cohort of 256 patients, 186 suffered from myelopathy and 116 (62%) of these exhibited vertical translocation according to the Redlund-Johnell criteria. Vertical translocation occurred after a significantly longer period of disease than atlantoaxial subluxation (p < 0.001). Translocation was characterized clinically by a high cervical myelopathy with features of a cruciate paralysis present in 35% of individuals compared with 26% who exhibited horizontal atlantoaxial subluxation (p = 0.29), but there was a surprising paucity of cranial nerve problems. The patients with vertical translocation had a greater degree of neurological disability (p = 0.002) and poorer survival rates (p = 0.04). Radiologically, vertical translocation was secondary to lateral mass collapse and associated with a progressive decrease in the atlantodens interval ([ADI], r = 0.4; p < 0.001) and pannus (p = 0.003). Thirty percent of patients exhibited an ADI of less than 5 mm. This phenomenon has been termed pseudostabilization. The authors' studies emphasize that the ADI (frequently featured in the literature) is totally unreliable as an indicator of neuraxial compromise in the presence of vertical translocation.

Bladder function after incomplete spinal cord injury in mice: quantifiable outcomes associated with bladder function and efficiency of dehydroepiandrosterone as a therapeutic adjunct

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Mure ◽  
Mark Galdo ◽  
Nathalie Compagnone
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Type I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors conducted a study to establish outcomes associated with bladder function in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and to assess the sensitivity of these outcomes in determining the efficacy of pharmacological treatments. Methods. A mouse model of moderate contusive SCI was used. Outcome parameters included physiological, behavioral, and morphological measurements. To test the sensitivity of these outcomes, the authors used a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment that they had previously shown to promote neurological recovery effectively after SCI. A behavioral scale was used to identify the day at which autonomic function of the bladder was recovered. The reduction in the daily volume of urine during the period of functional recovery paralleled this scale. They then determined the day postinjury at which the functional differences between the vehicle- and DHEA-treated mice exhibited the maximal amplitude. Changes were measured in the composition of the extracellular matrix relative to collagen expression in the layer muscularis of the detrusor at this time point. They found that SCI increases the ratio of collagen type III to collagen type I in the detrusor. Moreover, in the DHEA-treated group, this ratio was similar to that demonstrated in sham-operated mice, establishing the sensitivity of this outcome to assess therapeutic benefits to the bladder function. They next examined the relationship between measurements of neurological recovery and controlled voiding by using cluster analysis. Conclusions. The authors found that early recovery of controlled voiding is predictive of motor recovery.

Stenosis of the axis and cervical myelopathy

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar G. Prakash ◽  
Mathew J. Chandy ◽  
Jacob Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Neural Arch ◽  
Decompressive Laminectomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Remarkable Recovery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A rare case is described of marked segmental stenosis of the axis secondary to developmental hypertrophy of the posterior neural arch causing cervical myelopathy. The patient made a remarkable recovery following decompressive laminectomy.

Cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal longitudinal ligament

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikao Nagashima
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Primary Lesion ◽  
Foramen Magnum Decompression ◽  
Decompressive Laminectomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Longitudinal Strip ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Ten patients who had cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine are described. This disease is characterized by an abnormal longitudinal strip of ossified ligamentous tissue along the posterior margin of vertebrae from C-3 to C-6; the primary lesion appears to be a degeneration of the intervertebral disc. This distinct clinical, radiological, and pathological entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of cervical myelopathy. All 10 patients were treated by extensive decompressive laminectomy and multiple bilateral facetectomies, with or without foramen magnum decompression. The results were favorable, and postoperative myelography demonstrated dorsal migration of the entire dural contents.

Ossification of the posterior atlantoaxial membrane

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Harimaya ◽  
Keiichiro Shiba ◽  
Hiroshi Nomura ◽  
Toru Iwaki ◽  
Yoshiharu Takemitsu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Decompressive Laminectomy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report a case of ossification of the posterior atlantoaxial membrane that led to the development of cervical myelopathy. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were helpful in establishing the diagnosis, and decompressive laminectomy may be an appropriate intervention.

Protein kinase inhibition by fasudil hydrochloride promotes neurological recovery after spinal cord injury in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Hara ◽  
Masakazu Takayasu ◽  
Kazuhiko Watanabe ◽  
Atsushi Noda ◽  
Teruhide Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Spinal Cord Blood Flow ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protein Kinase Inhibition ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Fine Print

Object. In Japan fasudil hydrochloride (HA1077), a protein kinase inhibitor, is widely administered to prevent vasospasm in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The effects of fasudil on experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) were investigated and compared with those obtained using methylprednisolone. Methods. Spinal cord contusion was induced in rats by applying an aneurysm clip extradurally to the spinal cord at T-3 for 1 minute. After injury three groups of rats were treated with intravenously administered saline (control), intraperitoneally administered fasudil (10 mg/kg), or intravenously administered methylprednisolone (four 30 mg/kg injections). Neurological recovery was evaluated periodically over 1 month by using a modified combined behavioral scale and histopathological examination. Leukocyte infiltration near the injury site was evaluated by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity at 24 hours. Spinal cord blood flow was measured at intervals up to 3 hours after injury by using laser Doppler flowmetry. In rats in the fasudil-treated group significant improvement in modified combined behavioral score was demonstrated at each time point, whereas in the methylprednisolone-treated rats no beneficial effects were shown. In the fasudil-treated group, reduction of traumatic spinal cord damage was evident histologically in the caudal portion of the injured areas, and tissue MPO activity in tissue samples was reduced. Spinal cord blood flow was not significantly different between fasudiltreated and control group rats. Conclusions. Fasudil hydrochloride showed promise of effectiveness in promoting neurological recovery after traumatic SCI. Possible mechanisms of this effect include protein kinase inhibition and decreased infiltration by neutrophils.

Spontaneous extracranial vertebral arteriovenous fistula with fibromuscular dysplasia

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Ramana Reddy ◽  
William E. Karnes ◽  
Franklin Earnest ◽  
Thoralf M. Sundt
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A case of spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous fistula in association with fibromuscular dysplasia is reported. The patient presented with progressive cervical myelopathy and cervical bruit. The pathogenesis of the fistula development and the spinal cord symptoms is discussed. Symptoms subsided after obliteration of the fistula.

Surgical management of holocord intramedullary spinal cord astrocytomas in children

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Epstein ◽  
Nancy Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Neurological Recovery ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Intramedullary Spinal Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ This report describes the therapeutic approach to extensive multisegmental spinal cord astrocytomas in three pediatric patients. It is concluded that radical resection (gross total removal) is compatible with neurological recovery.

Anomalous rib presenting as cervical myelopathy: a previously unreported variant of Klippel-Feil syndrome

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack P. Rock ◽  
Eric M. Spickler
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A patient is reported with an anomalous rib that caused compression of the cervical spinal cord and presented with cervical myelopathy. This appears to be the first reported instance of this particular anomaly. The clinicoanatomical aspects of this case are discussed.

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