scholarly journals FETAL ANATOMICAL VARIABILITY OF STRUCTURES IN INFRAHYOID AREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
T. V. Khmara ◽  
L. Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
O. M. Boichuk ◽  
A. A. Halahdyna ◽  
L. М. Gerasym ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reconstructive Operations ◽  
Variant Anatomy ◽  
Human Foetuses

When performing myoplastic operations and surgical interventions on the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus, information on the variant anatomy of the infrahyoid muscles, the features of their innervation and blood supply are of great clinical importance. Moreover, when additional muscles are attached to the thyroid gland, intraoperative bleeding can occur resulting in hematoma and tissue scarring in the postoperative period. There are fragmentary data in the literature on the variants of the structure and topography of the human infrahyoid area muscles. The specificity of branching nerves and blood vessels, their vascular-nervous relationships in a separate part of the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid muscles should be taken into account when performing rational incisions in the neck, moving both the flaps and the above muscles in plastic surgery. The purpose of study was to establish the anatomical variability and features of innervation and blood supply of the infrahyoid muscles of the neck in human foetuses of 4 – 10 gestational months age. Material and methods. The study was performed on 36 human foetuses, whose parieto-coccygeal length was 81.0 – 375.0 mm, without visible signs of anatomical abnormalities or anomalies in the cervical region. Thin sections of the structures from the anterior and lateral parts of the neck were prepared under the control of binocular magnifier, vascular injection technique, and morphometry. Foetal preparations weighing over 500.0 g were studied directly at Chernivtsi Regional Paediatric Pathological Bureau. Foetal preparations were taken from the Museum of M.G. Turkevich Human Anatomy Department, Bukovinian State Medical University. Results and discussion. The study demonstrated anatomical variability of the infrahyoid area muscles during the foetal period of human ontogenesis. Human foetuses were mainly found to have loose extending intramuscular branching of the nerves of the cervical loop in the infrahyoid muscles. The only exception is the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, where main nerve branching is found out. The distribution of nerves in the thickness of the infrahyoid muscles is uneven. Macroscopic examination revealed the smallest number of nerve branches was found within the middle third of the sternohyoid and upper third of the sternothyroid muscles. Arteries and nerves enter the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles through the anterior surface, and the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles enter mainly through the posterior surface of these muscles. The infrahyoid muscles are characterized by the main form of intramuscular branching of the arteries. The data on the peculiarities of intramuscular branching of arteries and nerves in the infrahyoid muscles we obtained, as well as the variant anatomy of the infrahyoid area muscles must be taken into account when performing a surgical access to the neck, or when operating on in the anterior cervical region, in particular myoplastic and reconstructive operations, in order to avoid muscle injuries.

scholarly journals SURGICAL PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE HYPOPARATHYROIDISM IN PATIENTS OPERATED ON THYROID GLAND

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Pasko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Antioxidant Therapy ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Group I ◽  
Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Surgical Prevention

Abstract. Thyroid gland (TG) diseases are among the most common and occupy the second place in the structure of endocrine system diseases after diabetes mellitus. The main method of TG disease treatment remains the surgical one. With the increase in the incidence of various forms of TG pathology, the number of surgeries increases including the ones performed at non-specialized in-patient facilities leading to an increase in the frequency of postoperative complications. One of the most common specific complications after surgeries on TG is postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PHPT). It occupies a special place considering the severity of manifestations and the difficulty in prevention. It is usually caused by trauma or parathyroid glands (PTG) removal, their blood supply disturbance, as well as the development of fibrosis at the surgery site in the long term. Therefore, the improvement of existing technologies and the development of new approaches to surgeries in case of TG diseases are relevant today. The most common method of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PHPT) surgical prevention is precision nature of surgical manipulations with careful adhering to tactical and technical requirements for the operator: identify parathyroid glands (PTG) timely, mobilize gently, and keep their blood supply. However, it is often impossible to keep PTG intact structurally and without ischemia due to the small sizes of PTG and their vessels, anatomical and embryological features of these organs localization, the consistency and color similarity with fatty tissue, lymph nodes. The objective of the research was to develop and evaluate the algorithm of prevention and treatment of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PHPT) based on determining parathyroid glands (PTG) viability and the use of antihypoxant-antioxidant therapy in the postoperative period. The research was based on the results of a comprehensive examination and treatment of 60 patients who were operated for thyroid gland diseases. The patients underwent inpatient treatment at the surgical department of Ivano-Frankivsk Central City Clinical Hospital and Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Oncology Center from 2017 to 2020. We proposed an algorithm for surgical prevention and treatment of PHPT during thyroid gland surgeries which consisted in the following. We performed a visual assessment of PTG intraoperatively and evaluated each gland from 0 to 3 points according to the degree of its viability affection. If the gland was evaluated at 0-2 points, we left it, since there was a high probability of maintaining its function. If it was evaluated at 3 points, its autotransplantation was performed. Cytoflavin drug was applied in a dose of 10 ml per 200 0.9% NaCl intravenously once a day during 7 days in the postoperative period for the purpose of antihypoxant-antioxidant therapy. 2 groups of patients were formed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Each group consisted of 30 people. Patients of Group I underwent surgery on thyroid gland according to generally accepted rules. Patients of Group II underwent interventions according to the above-mentioned algorithm. The use of our proposed algorithm (intraoperative assessment of PTG viability and antihypoxant-antioxidant therapy in the postoperative period) significantly reduces the frequency of permanent PHP justifying indications to its application.

scholarly journals The relationship between the thyroid gland and body at different gestational age of developing human foetuses

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Rajeev Mukhia ◽  
Bhawani Prasad Powar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Foetuses

Background: Thyroid gland is one of the organs of interest for researchers since a long time. Though, detailed study about adult thyroid gland is there in the literature but thyroid gland at different stages in the foetal period is far less available.Aims and Objective: To find out the morphological and morphometric features on the development of foetal thyroid gland in relation with different gestational weeks.Materials and Methods: The study was carried in the Department of Anatomy, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal, on 40 human foetuses of known gestational age. The midline dissection of the neck was done to expose the thyroid gland. The shape and measurements like length, breadth and thickness of both lobe of the gland were noted.Results: The mean values of all parameters by gestational age were calculated. In the present study, the weight of foetuses showed gradual increase from 10th week to 38th weeks of gestation. In the normally developing foetuses the thyroid gland dimension and its weight also increases with increase gestational age.Conclusion: There was no more difference between the dimension of right and left lobe of thyroid gland. The study provides morphological and morphometric knowledge on the development of foetal thyroid gland from 10th week to 38th weeks of gestation. The knowledge of thyroid gland weight and dimension and body weight in relation to the gestational age might be helpful to judge the thyroid structure in preterm babies.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(6) 2018 40-44

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of cathepsins B, H, L, and T4 in follicular cells of rat thyroid gland.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Uchiyama ◽  
T Watanabe ◽  
M Watanabe ◽  
Y Ishii ◽  
H Matsuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Double Immunostaining ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Monospecific Antibodies ◽  
Rat Thyroid Gland

To localize cathepsins B, H, and L in follicular cells of rat thyroid gland, we applied immunocytochemistry to the thyroid tissue using their respective monospecific antibodies. On serial semi-thin sections, cathepsins B, H, and L were localized in granules of various sizes located throughout the cytoplasm, whereas T4 was detected in larger granules located in the apical and supranuclear regions. By electron microscopy, cathepsins B, H, and L were localized in large less-dense granules (so-called colloid droplets) and in dense bodies of various sizes, whereas T4 was localized more intensely in large less-dense granules than in smaller dense bodies. By double immunostaining using an immunogold method, cathepsins H and B or L were co-localized in the same cytoplasmic granules. Moreover, immunoblotting demonstrated that proteins similar to cathepsins B, H, and L in the liver are present in the thyroid gland. These results suggest that cathepsins B, H, and L participate not only in degradation of thyroglobulin but in maturation of thyroid hormones, although it remains unknown whether all of them participate in the maturation process.

scholarly journals THE ANATOMICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL VARIABILITY OF THE INCISIVE CANAL IN HUMAN DEPENDING AT BONE PALATE TYPE

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
O. V. Kalmin ◽  
O. O. Ilyunina ◽  
L. A. Zyulkina
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Alveolar Process ◽  
Incisive Canal ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Reconstructive Operations ◽  
The Face ◽  
Variant Anatomy

Information on the size, anatomy and topography of the incisive canal is necessary to prevent complications during reconstructive operations in the anterior part of maxilla. The aim of the study was to study the variant anatomy and topography of the incisive canal depending on the type of bone palate. The objects of the study were computed tomograms of 174 adult people of both sexes from the age of 21 to 35 years (80 men and 94 women). The objects of study were divided into groups of leptostaphilia, mesostaphilia and brachistaphilia depending on the value of the palatine index of the face. On cone-radial computed tomograms were measured the number of nasal and incisive openings, their size and shape, the distance from the incisive opening to the labial-lower and palatine-lower points of the alveolar process and the anterior teeth of the upper jaw, the length, shape, type and angles of the incisal canal, the distance from the incisive canal to the tops of the roots of the upper incisors and canines, the thickness of the bone tissue anteriorly to the incisive canal. It was established that the sizes of the nasal and incisive openings, the length of the incisive canal were greater in men, and the distances from the incisal opening to the labial-lower and palatine-lower points of the alveolar process - in women. The length of the incisal canal in individuals of the leptostaphilia group is greater than in individuals of the brachistaphilia group. The thickness of the alveolar bone from the labial wall of the incisive canal to the vestibular cortical plate of the alveolar process at the level of the palatine and middle third of the length of the incisive canal in individuals with brachistaphilia is greater than in individuals with leptostaphilia. The angle of inclination of the incisal canal relative to the plane of the bone part of palate in individuals with brachistaphilia is greater than in individuals with leptostaphilia, and relatively the long axis of the alveolar bone, on the contrary, is smaller. Thus, the incisor canal in adults has a pronounced individual variability in size, shape and topography, depending on the type of bone palate and sex.

The arterial blood supply to the cervical spinal cord in European hare

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mazensky ◽  
Slavka Flesarova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Arterial Blood Supply ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dissection Technique

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the arterial arrangement of the cervical spinal cord in hare. The study was carried out on 20 adult European hares. Ten hares were used in the corrosion technique and ten hares in the dissection technique. After the killing, the vascular network was perfused with saline. Batson’s corrosion casting kit no. 17 © was used as a casting medium. After polymerisation of the medium, in ten hares the maceration was carried out in KOH solution, and in ten other hares formaldehyde was injected by the dissection technique into the vertebral canal. We found high variability in blood supply of the cervical spinal cord. The origin of the ventral spinal artery from the right vertebral artery was found on average in 65 % of the cases and from the anastomosis of two ventral spinal arteries was found on average in 35% of the cases. The presence of ventral branches of spinal branches entering the ventral spinal artery in the cervical region was observed in 37.9% of the cases on the right side and in 62.1% of the cases on the left side. The presence of dorsal branches of spinal branches was observed in 66.2% of the cases on the left side and in 33.8% of the cases on the right side.

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