A Sampling Survey of the Terek Cossack Troops Stanitsa Mode of Life (1875–1880) (Part II)

Author(s):  
Igor V. Obraztsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Kr. Baruah ◽  
Mrinmoy K. Sarma

Research findings consistently indentified the importance of inbound tourists shopping activities as contributor to local economy. This paper analyses the shopping expenditure of domestic tourists in the Northeast India. Previous studies show the associations of tourists trip typologies and demographic profiles, particularly, of the international tourists with shopping expenditures. A study was carried out in 2011 by employing a convenient method of sampling survey in Northeastern region of India comprising seven sister states to examine the association of trip typology, marital status and gender of domestic tourists with expenditure on shopping. The results indicate probable association of shopping expenditure with trip typology and gender while marital status does not seem to influence expenditure on shopping. Among tourists of different typologies, Rural and culture tourists scaled high reflecting maximum expenditure on shopping while Nature and parks tourists as well as Active outdoor tourists incurred least on shopping. Gender-wise segmentation indicates female tourists as high spender than male counterparts. It is advisable to retailers in destination areas to orient their products offerings attractive to the female tourists visiting to enjoy rural & cultural tourists and also those come with family members for leisure purposes.


1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Peel

Muscle scars are described for the first time in the Ordovician bellerophontoidean gastropod Carinaropsis Hall. Silica replicas from the Cannon Limestone of Tennessee preserve a pair of muscle scars, with a single elongate scar located on each umbilico-lateral angulation of the shell interior more than half a whorl back from the apertural margin. The scars are similar in general shape and position to muscle scars described in Bellerophon de Montfort and the pleurotomarioidean Porcellia woodwardi (Sowerby). In addition to supporting the soft parts within the widely expanded shell, the characteristic internal septum of Carinaropsis probably facilitated clamping of the shell aperture against the substrate.


2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Bates ◽  
P. L. Falkingham

Bite mechanics and feeding behaviour in Tyrannosaurus rex are controversial. Some contend that a modest bite mechanically limited T. rex to scavenging, while others argue that high bite forces facilitated a predatory mode of life. We use dynamic musculoskeletal models to simulate maximal biting in T. rex . Models predict that adult T. rex generated sustained bite forces of 35 000–57 000 N at a single posterior tooth, by far the highest bite forces estimated for any terrestrial animal. Scaling analyses suggest that adult T. rex had a strong bite for its body size, and that bite performance increased allometrically during ontogeny. Positive allometry in bite performance during growth may have facilitated an ontogenetic change in feeding behaviour in T. rex , associated with an expansion of prey range in adults to include the largest contemporaneous animals.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s879-s879
Author(s):  
I. Sosin ◽  
Y. Chuev ◽  
A. Volkov ◽  
O. Goncharova

IntroductionModern clinical narcology searches for anti-craving programs to overcome psychoactive substances (PAS) pathological addiction with bio-adaptive regulation of systems (BARS).Aims and objectivesTo develop computer modified biofeedback program integrated with Luscher test.MethodTwenty-two PAS addicts who were undergoing biofeedback modified psycho-training were examined. Computer rheoencephalogram (REG) was used as an external monitoring module.ResultsTechnologically novel biofeedback computer modification was developed with preceding Luscher computer testing for determination of the individual preference colour and the colour producing individual unpleasant associations in respondents. Consequently, biofeedback program was corrected differentially by changing standard colour templates for those personified on monitor. Cerebral hemodynamics condition transferred to individually designed for a particular respondent colour registers is used as a homeostatic parameter reflecting alcohol craving presence/absence: in case of the disordered REG parameters the signal reflects the respondent's unpleasant (negative) colour, and with no craving the screen is filled with positive, pleasant, favourite colour. During BARS auto-training the respondents’ skills to mediate present subjective clinical PAS craving manifestations with unpleasant colour and the experimental auto-training method have been mastered, and those psycho emotional states which displace PAS craving symbolic colour from the screen are selected, and it is substituted with favourite colour (symbol of healthy mode of life motivations).ConclusionsUsage of combined BARS biofeedback improved effectiveness of the training and allowed to objectivize and control the condition of the patient getting reliable visual and digital information about either regress or activation of PAS craving and potential relapse of addictive behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Manopaiboon ◽  
D Prybylski ◽  
W Subhachaturas ◽  
S Tanpradech ◽  
O Suksripanich ◽  
...  

The Angler ( Lophius piscatorius ) is a fish much modified for a bottom habit, and apart from many peculiarities of form and structure associated with this particular mode of life, is remarkable for the looseness of its skin and the abundance of soft connective tissue that separates it from the underlying fascia and muscles. Within this layer of loose connective tissue lie many of the larger trunks of the lymphatic system, mostly of very considerable size and easy to inject. The fish thus furnishes material better than most for the study of this system.


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