On the use of heated needle probes for measuring snow thermal conductivity

Heated needle probes provide the most convenient method to measure snow thermal conductivity. Recent studies have suggested that this method underestimates snow thermal conductivity; however the reasons for this discrepancy have not been elucidated. We show that it originates from the fact that, while the theory behind the method assumes that the measurements reach a logarithmic regime, this regime is not reached within the standard measurement procedure. Using the needle probe without this logarithmic regime leads to thermal conductivity underestimations of tens of percents. Moreover, we show that the poor thermal contact between the probe and the snow due to insertion damages results in a further underestimation. Thus, we encourage the use of fixed needle probes, set up before the snow season and buried under snowfalls, rather than hand-inserted probes. Finally, we propose a method to correct the measurements performed with such fixed needle probes buried in snow. This correction is based on a lookup table, derived specifically for the Hukseflux TP02 needle probe model, frequently used in snow studies. Comparison between corrected measurements and independent estimations of snow thermal conductivity obtained with numerical simulations shows an overall improvement of the needle probe values after application of the correction.

Dienylation of N-benzoylhydrazones with CF3-substituted Homoallenylboronates in Water

A convenient method for the dienylation of N-benzoylhydrazones was developed in water without any inert gas protection. The 2-methylamino-1,3-diene derivatives could be produced in water without additional catalyst and additive....

The Impact of Mindfulness Practices and the Implementation of Technology in Higher Education

Maintaining efficient time management and learning how to balance different facets of life can be difficult for undergraduate students. Students can have difficulty with maintaining their schedules and academic responsibilities, which can disrupt daily living functionality. Mindfulness is an evidence-based practice that can help students establish a self-care routine. Additionally, establishing a mindfulness regimen can help to improve students' academic performance. With the inclusion of technology, mindfulness mobile applications have gained popularity over the past decade and have provided a convenient method for students to engage in guided meditations.

Smart Alarm System (Drowsiness Detection System Review Paper)

With the increase in automative population, accident rates are rising rapidly, one of the major reasons is the state of drowsiness or fatigue. Such fatal incidents can be prevented if the driver is warned in time. With time, several drowsiness alarm systems are been implemented, the system monitors driver’s movements through various techniques, one of the most considerable one is face detection, Open Computer Vision is widely used to detect driver’s movements for a long period of time. A comparative study on different types of approach is summarized in this paper. The main agenda is to help the society to understand more about the techniques and find the most convenient method for them. Keywords: Drowsiness, Face Detection, Mouth Yawn Detection, Open Computer Vision

Design, Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterizations of Medicinal Hydrazide Derivatives and Metal Complexes of Malonic Ester

Background: A new series of malonic acid-based hydrazide derivatives (BPMPDH, 2HPMPDH, 3HPMPDH, 4HPMPDH, DMPDH) are successfully synthesized by the reaction of malonic ester hydrazide with various substituted aldehydes like salicylaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy benzaldehyde and formaldehyde) Methods: metal complexes of prepared hydrazide derivatives were prepared using metals like Cu+2, Zn+2 and Ni+2 via a mild, efficient and convenient method. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR (1H & 13C), UV/VIS and mass spectrometry. The presence of –C=N- peak at 1600-1700 cm-1 with the absence of NH2 peak at 3500 cm-1 in FTIR spectra. In 1HNMR peak at, 11.00-13.00 ppm for –OH protons and 7.00-9.50 ppm for –NH verified the synthesis of new hydrazide derivatives. The presence of a C-OH sharp peak at 180-190 ppm, a C=O peak at 160-170 ppm and a C=N peak at 140-150 ppm confirmed synthesis. In mass spectra, the molecular ion peaks at 308 m/z, 340 m/z and 156 m/z confirmed synthesis. Synthesized compounds have also been analyzed for their antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, chymotrypsin and tyrosinase inhibition activities Result and Conclusion: The results revealed that the 2HPMPDH, 3HPMPDH, 4HPMPDH and their Cu+2 and Zn+2 metal complexes showed more successful inhibition against standard drugs, based on structure activity relationship.

On Two Measure-Theoretic Aspects of the Full Bayesian Significance Test for Precise Bayesian Hypothesis Testing †

The Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) has been proposed as a convenient method to replace frequentist p-values for testing a precise hypothesis. Although the FBST enjoys various appealing properties, the purpose of this paper is to investigate two aspects of the FBST which are sometimes observed as measure-theoretic inconsistencies of the procedure and have not been discussed rigorously in the literature. First, the FBST uses the posterior density as a reference for judging the Bayesian statistical evidence against a precise hypothesis. However, under absolutely continuous prior distributions, the posterior density is defined only up to Lebesgue null sets which renders the reference criterion arbitrary. Second, the FBST statistical evidence seems to have no valid prior probability. It is shown that the former aspect can be circumvented by fixing a version of the posterior density before using the FBST, and the latter aspect is based on its measure-theoretic premises. An illustrative example demonstrates the two aspects and their solution. Together, the results in this paper show that both of the two aspects which are sometimes observed as measure-theoretic inconsistencies of the FBST are not tenable. The FBST thus provides a measure-theoretically coherent Bayesian alternative for testing a precise hypothesis.

Increasing student grades in large online subjects: Combining tutorial support with technology

Three large first-year undergraduate subjects with 240-517 enrolled students were selected to participate in this pilot study. A meeting scheduling tool was embedded in the learning management system and thirty-minute, one-on-one tutorial sessions were available to students in the 2 weeks leading up to the due date of at least one large written task. Thirty one percent (31%) of enrolled students attended at least one appointment with a tutor. There was no difference in the average assessment mark that students obtained before the first tutorial was offered between those who attended a tutorial session for a later assessment item and those who did not. There was a significant increase in the average cumulative grade (10%, p<0.05) of students who attended a tutorial. The novel use of the calendar booking tool combined with online meeting technology provides a simple and convenient method to provide personalised feedback to a large cohort of students.