scholarly journals Alteration tendencies of upcoming on the upper atmosphere boundary solar radiation and theirs spatial localization

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
V. M. Fedorov ◽  
S. A. Sokratov ◽  
D. M. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
The Earth

Satellite measurements of total flow of upcoming to the Earth solar radiation (Total solar irradiance) are performed since 1977. At present time continues measurement series of total flow of upcoming solar radiation are obtained. In long-term measurements of solar radiation the eleven-year cycle and its amplitude is revealed. However in regularity of solar radiation income to the Earth (without consideration of atmosphere) and spatial distribution of it along the Earth surface (solar climate of the Earth) two mechanisms having different physical nature are marked out. One mechanism is related to variation of solar activity. Another mechanism is defined by celestial mechanical processes varying elements of Earth orbit (Earth-Sun distance, tropical year duration, etc.), Earth rotation axis declination and related to it variation in Earth insolation. Performed calculations of Earth insolation related to celestial mechanical processes are the basis for differentiation of remote sensing data on total solar irradiance regarding mechanisms of different physical nature. The possibility of estimation of contribution of solar activity and celestial mechanical processes in variation of total flow of upcoming to the Earth solar radiation is created.

scholarly journals VIRGO Radiometry and Total Solar Irradiance 1996–2000 Revised

2001 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fröhlich ◽  
W. Finsterle
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Dependent Behaviour

The long-term changes of the VIRGO radiometers have been re-analyzed in detail in order to resolve the puzzle of the early increase of the total solar irradiance (TSI) as observed by VIRGO. The exposure dependent changes can be described by a model which is based on a combination of an early increase of the sensitivity and a degradation with time which is modulated by the dose of solar UV radiation each detector receives. After correcting for the exposure-dependent behaviour both operational radiometers show an increase of their sensitivity which depends only on the time they are switched-on. After removing this increase the VIRGO TSI remains more or less constant during the minimum period of solar activity and reaches the solar maximum at levels comparable to the ones of former maxima.

Long-term variations in total solar irradiance

Solar Physics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit M. Pap ◽  
Richard C. Willson ◽  
Claus Fr�hlich ◽  
Richard F. Donnelly ◽  
Larry Puga
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Long Term Variations

Data Fusion of Total Solar Irradiance Composite Time Series Using 40 years of Satellite Measurements: First Results 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Montillet ◽  
Wolfgang Finsterle ◽  
Werner Schmutz ◽  
Margit Haberreiter ◽  
Rok Sikonja
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Maunder Minimum ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Climate Reconstructions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Difference

<p><span>Since the late 70’s, successive satellite missions have been monitoring the sun’s activity, recording total solar irradiance observations. These measurements are important to estimate the Earth’s energy imbalance, </span><span>i.e. the difference of energy absorbed and emitted by our planet. Climate modelers need the solar forcing time series in their models in order to study the influence of the Sun on the Earth’s climate. With this amount of TSI data, solar irradiance reconstruction models  can be better validated which can also improve studies looking at past climate reconstructions (e.g., Maunder minimum). V</span><span>arious algorithms have been proposed in the last decade to merge the various TSI measurements over the 40 years of recording period. We have developed a new statistical algorithm based on data fusion.  The stochastic noise processes of the measurements are modeled via a dual kernel including white and coloured noise.  We show our first results and compare it with previous releases (PMOD,ACRIM, ... ). </span></p>

scholarly journals Direct Solar Radiation and Atmospheric Turbidity in Mikołajki in the Years 1971–1980 and 1991–2000

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Joanna Uscka-Kowalkowska
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Direct Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Solar Constant ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Atmospheric Turbidity ◽  
The Earth

Abstract The present study deals with the changing amount of incoming direct solar radiation and the optical state of the atmosphere in Mikołajki in the years 1971-1980 and 1991-2000. The highest level of solar irradiance in these two decades occurred on 23rd June 1977 and amounted to 1043.9 W·m-2. Compared to the first decade analysed, the percentage of the solar constant reaching the Earth in the second decade was higher. The spectral structure of the radiation also changed - the share of the shortest waves (λ<525 nm) increased, whereas the amount of waves with a wavelength of 710 nm or more decreased. In both study periods the annual course of solar extinction (expressed in terms of Linke’s turbidity factor) turned out to have been typical, with the highest values in summer and the lowest in winter. In the years 1991-2000, in all seasons, a lower atmospheric turbidity was observed in comparison with the years 1971-1980. The atmospheric turbidity was also analysed with relation to the air masses. In both decades in question the lowest turbidity occurred in arctic air masses and the highest in tropical air masses. An improved optical state of the atmosphere was observed in all considered air masses, though the biggest decrease in turbidity was found in polar air masses, particularly in the polar maritime old air (TLAM2 dropped by 0.75) and polar continental air (by 0.70).

Simplified Thermal Model for Absolute Radiometer Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Godoi Lopes ◽  
Ricardo Toshiyuki Irita ◽  
Luiz Angelo Berni ◽  
Waldeir Amaral Vilela ◽  
Graziela da Silva Savonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Material Volume

Abstract The study of solar radiation in space has become something necessary, motivating the launch of radiometers on board satellites dedicated to perform total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements and to build a record of their behavior over the years, thus making these data essential for meteorology and climatology. In this study, we propose a simplified model to understand the thermal behavior of absolute radiometers, which are used in this type of measurement. The model considers the heat transfer among parts through conduction and loss only by radiation since the instrument operates in a space environment. The goal is to understand how each component interferes with sensitivity and response time of the instrument depending on its design, material, volume, and thermal contact. The model was applied to data generated by a prototype for validation.

scholarly journals A reconstruction of radiocarbon production and total solar irradiance from the Holocene <sup>14</sup>C and CO<sub>2</sub> records: implications of data and model uncertainties

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1879-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roth ◽  
F. Joos
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Production Model ◽  
High Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
The Holocene

Abstract. Radiocarbon production, solar activity, total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar-induced climate change are reconstructed for the Holocene (10 to 0 kyr BP), and TSI is predicted for the next centuries. The IntCal09/SHCal04 radiocarbon and ice core CO2 records, reconstructions of the geomagnetic dipole, and instrumental data of solar activity are applied in the Bern3D-LPJ, a fully featured Earth system model of intermediate complexity including a 3-D dynamic ocean, ocean sediments, and a dynamic vegetation model, and in formulations linking radiocarbon production, the solar modulation potential, and TSI. Uncertainties are assessed using Monte Carlo simulations and bounding scenarios. Transient climate simulations span the past 21 thousand years, thereby considering the time lags and uncertainties associated with the last glacial termination. Our carbon-cycle-based modern estimate of radiocarbon production of 1.7 atoms cm−2 s−1 is lower than previously reported for the cosmogenic nuclide production model by Masarik and Beer (2009) and is more in-line with Kovaltsov et al. (2012). In contrast to earlier studies, periods of high solar activity were quite common not only in recent millennia, but throughout the Holocene. Notable deviations compared to earlier reconstructions are also found on decadal to centennial timescales. We show that earlier Holocene reconstructions, not accounting for the interhemispheric gradients in radiocarbon, are biased low. Solar activity is during 28% of the time higher than the modern average (650 MeV), but the absolute values remain weakly constrained due to uncertainties in the normalisation of the solar modulation to instrumental data. A recently published solar activity–TSI relationship yields small changes in Holocene TSI of the order of 1 W m−2 with a Maunder Minimum irradiance reduction of 0.85 ± 0.16 W m−2. Related solar-induced variations in global mean surface air temperature are simulated to be within 0.1 K. Autoregressive modelling suggests a declining trend of solar activity in the 21st century towards average Holocene conditions.

scholarly journals Ca II K spectroheliograms for studies of long-term changes in solar irradiance

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S340) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodosios Chatzistergos ◽  
Ilaria Ermolli ◽  
Natalie A. Krivova ◽  
Sami K. Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Long Term Changes

AbstractWe address the importance of historical full-disc Ca II K spectroheliograms for solar activity and irradiance reconstruction studies. We review our work on processing such data to enable them to be used in irradiance reconstructions. We also present our preliminary estimates of the plage areas from five of the longest available historical Ca II K archives.

scholarly journals Solar Modulation Effects in Terrestrial Production of Carbon-14

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Castagnoli ◽  
Devendra Lal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray ◽  
Long Term Variations

This paper is concerned with the expected deviations in the production rate of natural 14C on the earth due to changes in solar activity. We review the published estimates of the global production rates of 14C due to galactic and solar cosmic ray particles, and present new estimates of the expected secular variations in 14C production, taking into account the latest information available on galactic cosmic ray modulation and long-term variations in solar activity.

scholarly journals The Total Solar Irradiance, UV Emission and Magnetic Flux during the Last Solar Cycle Minimum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Benevolenskaya ◽  
I. G. Kostuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Sunspot Activity ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Uv Emission ◽  
Surface Rotation ◽  
Spectral Solar Irradiance

We have analyzed the total solar irradiance (TSI) and the spectral solar irradiance as ultraviolet emission (UV) in the wavelength range 115–180 nm, observed with the instruments TIM and SOLSTICE within the framework of SORCE (the solar radiation and climate experiment) during the long solar minimum between the 23rd and 24th cycles. The wavelet analysis reveals an increase in the magnetic flux in the latitudinal zone of the sunspot activity, accompanied with an increase in the TSI and UV on the surface rotation timescales of solar activity complexes. In-phase coherent structures between the midlatitude magnetic flux and TSI/UV appear when the long-lived complexes of the solar activity are present. These complexes, which are related to long-lived sources of magnetic fields under the photosphere, are maintained by magnetic fluxes reappearing in the same longitudinal regions. During the deep solar minimum (the period of the absence of sunspots), a coherent structure has been found, in which the phase between the integrated midlatitude magnetic flux is ahead of the total solar irradiance on the timescales of the surface rotation.

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