scholarly journals Primary schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: Recent trends and current challenges

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Lloyd ◽  
Paul Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Schooling ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan

Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in healthcare workers in England and Wales, 1999–2005

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
pp. 1873-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. CROFTS ◽  
M. E. KRUIJSHAAR ◽  
V. DELPECH ◽  
F. NCUBE ◽  
I. ABUBAKAR
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Hiv Surveillance ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Post Entry

SUMMARYThis study used linked national tuberculosis (TB) and HIV surveillance data to investigate recent trends and factors associated with HIV co-infection (TB-HIV) in healthcare workers (HCWs) with TB in England and Wales. Methods applied were the χ2 trend test and logistic regression. Overall 14% (231/1627) of HCWs with TB were co-infected with HIV, increasing from 8% in 1999 to 14% in 2005 (P<0·001). Most (78%) HCWs were non-UK born and 74% of these developed TB ⩾2 years post-entry. Being born in Sub-Saharan Africa was an independent predictor for TB-HIV, especially for female HCWs (odds ratio 66·5, 95% confidence interval 16·3–271·1), who also had a lower median CD4 count than other co-infected women (106/mm3, interquartile range 40–200, P<0·01). Voluntary HIV testing of new HCWs should be encouraged as an opportunity for early diagnosis. Post-entry, a high index of clinical suspicion for TB in those most at risk remains important.

scholarly journals Science granting councils in Sub-Saharan Africa: Trends and tensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Chataway ◽  
Charlie Dobson ◽  
Chux Daniels ◽  
Rob Byrne ◽  
Rebecca Hanlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Science Funding ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Funding Support ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Embedded Autonomy ◽  
Republic Of Science

Abstract This article documents recent trends in science funding support in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We analyse these trends at the SSA regional level alongside a summary of four case studies of science funding in four Science Granting Councils (SGCs) in East Africa. Our findings support the literature on science funding in SSA regarding low levels of funding, cross-country engagement, and the need for capacity building. However, we also find there are tensions among funding and policy actors around the perceived ways in which investment in science will benefit society. We argue that the narratives and logics of science funders and their roots in ‘Republic of Science’ vs. ‘Embedded Autonomy’ rationales for SGC activity must be more transparent to enable critical engagement with the ideas being used to justify spending.

RECENT TRENDS IN RATES OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES F. WESTOFF
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids

SummaryOver the past five to ten years, the proportion of women who report recent sexual activity has declined in twelve countries in southern and eastern Africa, but not in most of eleven countries in West Africa. Although concentrated among unmarried women, slight declines are evident among married women and across most ages. Although it is difficult to prove, the most likely explanation is the higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS in southern and eastern Africa.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Premarital Fertility across Sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Clark ◽  
Alissa Koski ◽  
Emily Smith-Greenaway
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Premarital Fertility

scholarly journals Population, poverty and economic development

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1532) ◽  
pp. 3023-3030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Sinding
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Development Strategies

Economists, demographers and other social scientists have long debated the relationship between demographic change and economic outcomes. In recent years, general agreement has emerged to the effect that improving economic conditions for individuals generally lead to lower birth rates. But, there is much less agreement about the proposition that lower birth rates contribute to economic development and help individuals and families to escape from poverty. The paper examines recent evidence on this aspect of the debate, concludes that the burden of evidence now increasingly supports a positive conclusion, examines recent trends in demographic change and economic development and argues that the countries representing the last development frontier, those of Sub-Saharan Africa, would be well advised to incorporate policies and programmes to reduce high fertility in their economic development strategies.

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