Situating conflict transformation theory, theory of negative and positive peace and human needs theory in pre and post-electoral violence dynamics in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Felix Makonye ◽  
Anna Bengesai
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Derek McGrath ◽  
Jonathan Matusitz

This paper applies the Human Needs Theory to Uighur terrorism. The theory posits that people become violent when their basic human needs are unfulfilled, denied, or taken away from them. Also referred to as the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), Uighur terrorists are a minority group of Muslim extremists in the western Chinese Autonomous Region of Xinjiang. Until the mid-1700s, they were considered a peaceful group, but when they lost their autonomy during the Qing dynasty rule (until 1910), and faced oppression by their new government, they resorted to violence. In this case, the Uighurs’ human need “stolen” by the Chinese was their identity. Not only is the Uighur issue underrepresented in the media; it has also received such negligible attention that most governments and scholars believe that the Autonomous Region of Xinjiang is mostly occupied by terrorists.


2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Karina Antão Marques ◽  
Gerlane Angela Da Costa Moreira ◽  
Maria Miriam Lima da Nóbrega

ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the Horta's Basic Human Needs Theory taking with theoretical reference methodological criteria for the analysis of conceptual models of Fawcett. Methodology: search descriptive analytical developed through a systematic review of all publications and presentations available from Horta, thereby determining, exactly what was described on it in order to present its content and indicate your organization, avoiding inferences, standings, interpretations of other researchers about the work of the author. The analysis was presented in a descriptive way, that does not require judgments about their origin and content, and reproducing or reporting exactly what was proposed. Results: The completions of the analysis according to the criteria of Fawcett, enabled expand knowledge about the theory, understand how emerged, which influenced its development, its purpose, focus, its scope, and what the contributions he brought for Nursing. Do you can say that this work was of extreme importance to the authors and contributed to scientific and professional growth of the same, and it is hoped may also serve to broaden the knowledge of that subject or are interested in who will be interested to from that reading. Conclusions: Despite the undeniable contribution to the theory of Nursing Brazilian Basic Human Needs, remains a challenge, the need to use that model as impetus for the practice and research in nursing and thus contributing to the reassessment and upgrade of Horta Theory. Descriptors: nursing; nursing theory;nursing processes. RESUMOObjetivo: analisar a Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas de Horta tendo com referencial teórico metodológico os critérios de análise de modelos conceituais de Fawcett. Metodologia: pesquisa descritiva-analítica desenvolvida por meio de uma revisão sistemática, de todas as publicações e apresentações disponíveis de Horta, determinando assim, exatamente o que foi descrito sobre a mesma com a finalidade de apresentar o seu conteúdo e indicar sua organização, evitando inferências, colocações, interpretações de outros pesquisadores acerca do trabalho da autora. A análise foi apresentada de forma descritiva, não requerendo julgamentos quanto sua origem e conteúdo, sendo reproduzindo ou relatando exatamente o que foi proposto. Resultados: a realização da análise segundo os critérios de Fawcett permitiu expandir os conhecimentos sobre a teoria e a partir de então, compreender como surgiu, o que influenciou o seu desenvolvimento, seu objetivo, foco principal, sua abrangência, e quais as contribuições que trouxe para a Enfermagem. Pode-se afirmar que este trabalho foi de extrema importância para as autoras e contribuiu para o crescimento científico e profissional das mesmas, e espera-se que possa servir para ampliar também o conhecimento dos que se interessam pelo assunto ou quem passem a se interessarem a partir dessa leitura. Conclusões: A despeito da inegável contribuição para a Enfermagem brasileira da Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas, permanece como desafio, a necessidade de utilização desse modelo, como impulso para a prática e a pesquisa na Enfermagem e, conseqüentemente, a contribuição para a releitura e atualização da Teoria de Horta. Descritores: enfermagem; teoria de enfermagem; processos de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la Teoría de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas de Horta teniendo con referencial teórico metodológico los criterios para el análisis de modelos conceptuales de Fawcett. Metodologia: estudio descriptivo analítico desenvolvía a través de una revisión sistemática de todas las publicaciones y presentaciones disponibles de Horta, determinando así, exactamente lo que se describió en ella con el fin de presentar su contenido e indicar su organización, evitando inferencias, posiciones, las interpretaciones de otros investigadores sobre el trabajo de la autora. El análisis se presenta en forma descriptiva, que no requiere juicios acerca de su origen y contenido, y la presentación de informes o reproducir exactamente lo que se propuso. Resultados: la realización de la análisis según los criterios de Fawcett, permitió ampliar los conocimientos sobre la teoría y entonces, entender cómo surgió, lo que influyó en su desarrollo, su finalidad, el enfoque y su alcance, y lo que las contribuciones habían para la Enfermería. Se puede decir que esta trabarlo es de suma importancia para los autores y ha contribuido con los avances científicos y el crecimiento profesional de los mismos, y se espera también puede servir para ampliar los conocimientos sobre ese tema o están interesados en que se interesa de que la lectura. Conclusiones: a pesar de la innegable contribución a la teoría de las necesidades humanas básicas la enfermería brasileña, sigue siendo un desafío, la necesidad de utilizar ese modelo como impulso para la práctica y la investigación en enfermería y, por tanto, contribuyen a la reevaluación y actualización de Teoría de Horta. Descriptores: enfermería; teoría de enfermería; procesos de enfermería. 


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Karen Margaret Kemp

<p>Churches have traditionally turned to conflict resolution measures, such as mediation, arbitration, and litigation, rather than conflict transformation approaches, when addressing congregational discord. In so doing, they miss the opportunity for constructive change that conflict presents and set themselves up for cycles of conflict to recur in the future. At the same time they diminish their self-claimed identity as followers of Jesus Christ, whose recorded teaching gives striking priority to peacemaking and reconciliation. Chapter one introduces the context for this thesis. Much work has already been done to explore biblical understandings of conflict, forgiveness and reconciliation, on the one hand, and to apply current conflict resolution practices to congregational settings on the other. However, little has been done to develop a conceptual framework that seeks to integrate biblical understandings with the insights of modern conflict analysis in a practically useful way. Chapter two of this thesis focuses on Jesus' teaching in Matthew 18 and shows why this passage is a key biblical resource for understanding and addressing congregational conflict. Chapter three examines conflict resolution theory and practice and shows why a transformational approach is the most appropriate one for addressing congregational conflict. The fourth chapter brings Jesus' teaching in Matthew 18 into a dialogue with current conflict transformation theory and practice. This conversation integrates theology and practice and clarifies the ways in which Jesus' teaching and transformative approaches to conflict both complement and enrich each other in the quest for lasting answers to the problem of congregational conflict. This thesis concludes by proposing a framework in which the many resources available might be understood and utilised in an integrated way by congregations that seek not only to enhance their capacity to respond to conflict in healthier ways, but also to embody the teachings of Christ in their midst.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 038-047
Author(s):  
Beatriz Cristina Barbosa Anjos ◽  
Ana Carolina Almeida Pimentel Pinto ◽  
Carolyny Rosa Freire de Sá ◽  
Aline Moraes Monteiro ◽  
Camila Andresa Monte Bezerra ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Hidayatus Sholihah

There are two main motivation theories. a hierarchy of basic needs theory,� and an expectancy theory. In a Hyrarchy of basic needs theory, Maslow has stated that the basic needs as a main behaviour direction are structured into a hierarchy. There are five basic human needs.� The first: Physiological needs such as: salary, bonus or working condition. The second: the safety needs, such as: safe job environment, job security or health cover. The third, social needs, such as �union and team work. The next is self esteem, such as getting an award, medal, certificate or any other recognisition. Then the last is self actualization, for example is by providing an opportunity to share knowledge, skills and eprerience. The evaluation of this theory are: there is no spiritual needs as human basic needs is a main weakness of this theory. Then it is possible that different level of� needs� have to be satisfied in the same time, or not in hierarchy level or, not always have to be fulfilled in order. The next motivation theory is an Expectancy Theory. This theory is based on three main factors. The first factor is: English teachers will be motivated to work harder if they have a good perception to their own competences in accordance with their job. The second, individual motivation depends on the rewards given when they finish a� particular job. Finally, it also depends on their regards to the rewards given from the job that they do. Expectancy theory is a good theory, however, it is not easy to be implemented because the principals should provide various types of reward to satisfy the expectation of their English teachers. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of these two theories, it is better to combine both of them in the practice to get more effective results.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Karen Margaret Kemp

<p>Churches have traditionally turned to conflict resolution measures, such as mediation, arbitration, and litigation, rather than conflict transformation approaches, when addressing congregational discord. In so doing, they miss the opportunity for constructive change that conflict presents and set themselves up for cycles of conflict to recur in the future. At the same time they diminish their self-claimed identity as followers of Jesus Christ, whose recorded teaching gives striking priority to peacemaking and reconciliation. Chapter one introduces the context for this thesis. Much work has already been done to explore biblical understandings of conflict, forgiveness and reconciliation, on the one hand, and to apply current conflict resolution practices to congregational settings on the other. However, little has been done to develop a conceptual framework that seeks to integrate biblical understandings with the insights of modern conflict analysis in a practically useful way. Chapter two of this thesis focuses on Jesus' teaching in Matthew 18 and shows why this passage is a key biblical resource for understanding and addressing congregational conflict. Chapter three examines conflict resolution theory and practice and shows why a transformational approach is the most appropriate one for addressing congregational conflict. The fourth chapter brings Jesus' teaching in Matthew 18 into a dialogue with current conflict transformation theory and practice. This conversation integrates theology and practice and clarifies the ways in which Jesus' teaching and transformative approaches to conflict both complement and enrich each other in the quest for lasting answers to the problem of congregational conflict. This thesis concludes by proposing a framework in which the many resources available might be understood and utilised in an integrated way by congregations that seek not only to enhance their capacity to respond to conflict in healthier ways, but also to embody the teachings of Christ in their midst.</p>


Author(s):  
Muhammad Fadhli Nur Farid ◽  
Mohamad Ikhwan Rosyidi

Self-actualization is term that is commonly used in psychology theories. The term can be simply translated as the full realization of someone’s potential or true self. This study was conducted to analyze the life journey of the main character of The Bell Jar in achieving herself-actualization. The purposes of this study are to describe the character of the main character in The Bell Jar and to describe the main character in achieving self-actualization and how it is portrayed in the novel. This study was done using a descriptive qualitative method and using Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs theory and New Criticism theory to explain the main character and her journey in achieving self-actualization in the form of words. The object of the study was the novel The Bell Jar and this study focused on Esther Greenwood as the main character.  List of an observational sheet was used as the research instrument and the data was taken through library research. The analysis was conducted by interpreting Esther’s utterances and actions using New Criticism theory to describe Esther’s characterization and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs theory to describe Esther’s self-actualization. The study results showed that Esther’s self-actualization is the results of her being able to fulfill her previous stages both directly and indirectly before reaching self-actualization stage along her life journey. Keywords: Characterization, Hierarchy of Human Needs, Life Journey, New Criticism, Self-actualization


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