Systems engineering is the branch of engineering concerned with the development of large and complex systems, where a system is understood to be an assembly or combination of interrelated elements or parts working together toward a common objective. Past experience has shown that formal systems engineering methodologies have not always been successfully applied to large and complex cybersecurity systems. These complex systems have become commonplace when applying cyberstrategies in cybersecurity operations. The ability to build, operate and maintain such systems is crucial to the effectiveness of cybersecurity operations. Most importantly, a cyberstrategy program must surround these systems on a global scale across multiple inter-related platforms. In this chapter, the authors demonstrate why a systems engineering approach is best suited for large and complex information systems used in cybersecurity, as well as the overall cyberstrategies that must also reside over these systems.
By applying the concept of natural science to the study of music, on the one hand, we can understand the structure of music macroscopically, on the other, we can reflect on the history of music to a certain extent. Throughout the history of western music, from the classical period to the 20th century, music seems to have gone from order to disorder, but it is still orderly if analyzed carefully. Using the concept of complex information systems can give a good answer in the essence.
The Orderliness of Music from the Perspective of Complex Information Systems
