Repetitive Pupil Light Reflex: Potential Marker in Alzheimer's Disease?

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), deposition of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) is followed by intracellular aggregation of tau in the neocortex and subsequent neuronal cell loss, synaptic loss, brain atrophy, and cognitive impairment. By the time even the earliest clinical symptoms are detectable, Aβ accumulation is close to reaching its peak and neocortical tau pathology is frequently already present. The period in which AD pathology is accumulating in the absence of cognitive symptoms represents a clinically relevant time window for therapeutic intervention. Sleep is increasingly recognized as a potential marker for AD pathology and future risk of cognitive impairment. Previous studies in animal models and humans have associated decreased non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) with Aβ deposition. In this study, we analyzed cognitive performance, brain imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in participants enrolled in longitudinal studies of aging. In addition, we monitored their sleep using a single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) device worn on the forehead. After adjusting for multiple covariates such as age and sex, we found that NREM SWA showed an inverse relationship with AD pathology, particularly tauopathy, and that this association was most evident at the lowest frequencies of NREM SWA. Given that our study participants were predominantly cognitively normal, this suggested that changes in NREM SWA, especially at 1 to 2 Hz, might be able to discriminate tau pathology and cognitive impairment either before or at the earliest stages of symptomatic AD.

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Pupil dilatation test: A potential marker for Alzheimer's disease?

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0006-3223(97)87777-3 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 210S

Author(s):

W.H. Cheng ◽

W.W. Yan

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Potential Marker

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Investigating the Relationship between Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease:

Journal of Science and Sustainable Development ◽

10.4314/jssd.v7i1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Tammanna R. Sahrawat ◽

Jyoti Dwivedi

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

System Biology ◽

Network System ◽

System Biology Approach ◽

Common Elements ◽

Age Related ◽

Potential Marker ◽

The Common ◽

The Relationship

Ageing is associated with a number of diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and diabetes are among such most common diseases. These two diseases are considered to be fundamentally similar disorders because they share some common elements, though they differ in the time of onset, tissues affected as well as the magnitudes of their specific traits. The present study was undertaken to prospect the association between the genes involved in Diabetes and AD; and their common pathophysiology. Using a network system biology approach, the genes common between Diabetes and AD were retrieved from DisGeNET database. The common genes were analysed using in silico tool, Cyctoscape’s various plug-ins, ClusterONE, CytoHubba, ClueGO and CluePedia. Eleven genes which can act as potential marker for both Diabetes and AD namely IL4, ICAM1, ALB, INS, CSF2, IL6, TNF, IL10, GAPDH, TLR4, and AKT have been identified in the present study. This is the first study of its kind in which relationship between Diabetes and AD has been investigated to identify their common genes, which can help in better understanding of pathophysiology of these age-related diseases.

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