Burning mouth syndrome. Difficulties in diagnosis

The article presents data on the prevalence, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Given the variety of etiological factors, special attention is paid to the differential diagnosis of idiopathic (primary) and secondary BMS. The article also examines topical and systemic causes of burning tongue, which should be excluded when examining patients with complaints specifically attributed to BMS. The information presented in the article allows physicians of various specialties to make an individual plan of diagnostic measures for each patient, taking into account the comorbid background and anamnestic data. The main cause of treatment difficulties in BMS is a complex, not fully investigated etiopathogenesis. Due to the fact that the multifactorial nature of this disorder is most likely to involve topical, systemic and psychogenic causes, a multidisciplinary method involving physicians of various specialties (neurologist, dentist, therapist, psychiatrist) is optimal in the patient management with BMS. KEYWORDS: burning mouth syndrome, burning tongue, differential diagnosis, neuropathic pain, treatment. FOR CITATION: Parkhomenko E.V., Lunev K.V., Sorokina E.A. Burning mouth syndrome. Difficulties in diagnosis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(9):560–565. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-9-560-565.

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Is Burning Mouth Syndrome a Neuropathic Pain Disorder? A Systematic Review

Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache ◽

10.11607/ofph.2861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 218-229

Author(s):

Isabel Carreño-Hernández ◽

Juliana Cassol-Spanemberg ◽

Eugenia de Rivera-Campillo ◽

Albert Estrugo-Devesa ◽

José López-López

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Pain Disorder ◽

Burning Mouth

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Neuropathic pain in patients with burning mouth syndrome evaluated using painDETECT

Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal ◽

10.4317/medoral.17644124 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. S51-51

Author(s):

P Lopez Jornet ◽

F Galera Mulero ◽

S. Valenzuela

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Burning Mouth

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Update on Burning Mouth Syndrome: Overview and Patient Management

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine ◽

10.1177/154411130301400405 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 275-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 297

Author(s):

A. Scala ◽

L. Checchi ◽

M. Montevecchi ◽

I. Marini ◽

M.A. Giamberardino

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Patient Management ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Nerve Damage ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Burning Mouth

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain syndrome that mainly affects middle-aged/old women with hormonal changes or psychological disorders. This condition is probably of multifactorial origin, often idiopathic, and its etiopathogenesis remains largely enigmatic. The present paper discusses several aspects of BMS, updates current knowledge, and provides guidelines for patient management. There is no consensus on the diagnosis and classification of BMS. The etiopathogenesis seems to be complex and in a large number of patients probably involves interactions among local, systemic, and/or psychogenic factors. In the remaining cases, new interesting associations have recently emerged between BMS and either peripheral nerve damage or dopaminergic system disorders, emphasizing the neuropathic background in BMS. Based on these recent data, we have introduced the concepts of “primary” (idiopathic) and “secondary” (resulting from identified precipitating factors) BMS, since this allows for a more systematic approach to patient management. The latter starts with a differential diagnosis based on the exclusion of both other orofacial chronic pain conditions and painful oral diseases exhibiting muco-sal lesions. However, the occurrence of overlapping/overwhelming oral mucosal pathologies, such as infections, may cause difficulties in the diagnosis ("complicated BMS"). BMS treatment is still unsatisfactory, and there is no definitive cure. As a result, a multidisciplinary approach is required to bring the condition under better control. Importantly, BMS patients should be offered regular follow-up during the symptomatic periods and psychological support for alleviating the psychogenic component of the pain. More research is necessary to confirm the association between BMS and systemic disorders, as well as to investigate possible pathogenic mechanisms involving potential nerve damage. If this goal is to be achieved, a uniform definition of BMS and strict criteria for its classification are mandatory.

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Burning mouth syndrome: differential diagnosis

Dermatologic Therapy ◽

10.1046/j.1529-8019.2002.01535.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 287-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Miriam Grushka ◽

Joel B. Epstein ◽

Meir Gorsky

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Burning Mouth

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Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome Evaluated Using painDETECT

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnw304 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. pnw304

Author(s):

Pia Lopez-Jornet ◽

Diana Molino-Pagan ◽

Paco Parra-Perez ◽

Sara Valenzuela

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Burning Mouth

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Stafne's Defect: a case report

Стоматология для всех ◽

10.35556/idr-2020-3(96)16-19 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16-19

Author(s):

A.I. Yaremenko ◽

M.O. Ilukhina ◽

I.N. Kalakutsky ◽

A.Y. Razumova

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Case Report ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Diagnostic Measures ◽

Timing Of Treatment

The article reports on the clinical case of a patient with a diagnosis of "Stafne cyst", who was treated in the oncology department No. 8 of the Pavlov PSPbSMU. The features of differential diagnosis and diagnostic measures necessary to clarify the diagnosis are given. The situations when it is possible to avoid additional traumatic tests, as well as indications for the choice of surgical intervention or the possibility of refusing it, are analyzed. The presented data can be useful when creating algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of a Staph cyst and making recommendations on the timing of treatment.

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