A Comparative Study Between Ketamine and Lidocaine to Decrease Propofol Injection Pain During Induction of Anesthesia

Introduction: Pain during the injection of anesthetic agents may be distressing and can reduce the acceptability of an otherwise useful agent such as propofol during daycare surgeries. Lidocaine and ketamine both are used as pre-treatment to decrease propofol induced pain. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of ketamine injection to decrease propofol-induced pain in comparison to lidocaine injection. Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional comparative study. Eighty-nine cases were divided into two groups where group K received ketamine 2 ml (0.2 mg/kg) whereas group L received lidocaine 2% 2ml (0.5 mg/kg) after venous occlusion with rubber tourniquet. One-fourth dose of propofol was injected 1 min after release of tourniquet and pain accessed at 0, 1, and 2 minutes of propofol injection with a verbal response and behavioral signs. Chi-square test and paired T-test were used and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Regarding hemodynamic, oxygenation, and adverse effects there was no significant difference. Immediately after propofol injection, only 1 patient of the ketamine group had mild pain (2.22%) while 12 patients from the lignocaine group had mild pain (27.27%) with a p-value of 0.009. Also after 2 minutes of propofol injection, only 12 cases had mild pain i.e. 13.48% (1 from ketamine group i.e. 2.22% and 11 from lidocaine group i.e. 25%) with p-value of 0.002. Conclusion: Our study helps prove low-dose ketamine is more effective in reducing the incidence and severity of pain on injection of propofol in comparison to Lidocaine with better hemodynamic stability.

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Comparative Study of Post-injection Pain in Superolateral vs. Inferolateral Approach in Platelet-rich Plasma Injection for Osteoarthritis of Knee: A Retrospective Study

Journal on Recent Advances in Pain ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10046-0117 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 96-99

Author(s):

Gautam Das ◽

Dipasri Bhattacharya ◽

Subhra D Mistry ◽

Suspa Das

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Injection Pain ◽

Post Injection ◽

Osteoarthritis Of Knee ◽

Plasma Injection

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Pain Perception following Administration of Propofol with 7.5 mg Ephedrine, 15 mg Ephedrine, or Lignocaine— A Comparative Study

Research & Innovation in Anesthesia ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10049-0034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

Harprit Kaur Madan ◽

Indrani H Chincholi ◽

Sonali D Patira

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Injection Pain ◽

P Value ◽

Duration Of Action

ABSTRACT Introduction Propofol is the drug of choice for induction of anesthesia because of its rapid onset, easy titration, and short duration of action. However, pain on propofol injection is an unpleasant experience felt by many of our patients. Many factors have been investigated to decrease the pain on propofol injection but it is still a mystery. Aim To compare the effect of two doses of ephedrine (7.5 and 15 mg) and lignocaine on pain during injection of propofol and to compare their hemodynamic parameters and note for any complications. Materials and methods This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, single-center study on 150 adult patients of both the sexes belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades I and II for elective surgery under general anesthesia. The aim was to compare the analgesic effect of lignocaine, ephedrine 7.5 and 15 mg in ameliorating propofol injection pain. About 50 patients were allocated to each of the three groups receiving lignocaine 2% (1.5 mL), ephedrine 7.5 mg, and ephedrine 15 mg intravenously admixed with propofol. The intensity of pain at the time of propofol injection was assessed using verbal rating scale (VRS) 4-point scale before the patient lost consciousness. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 software. The qualitative data were summarized as frequency and percentages. The Fischer exact test was used to analyze the data. The continuous data were summarized as mean and standard deviation. The group and intergroup analyses were done using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results Median (interquartile range) of the pain score was 1 (2) in group E-7.5 mg, 0 (1) in group E-15 mg, and 0(1) in group L. Results were statistically significant. Conclusion Adding 15 mg ephedrine was as effective as adding lignocaine for the prevention of propofol injection pain and ephedrine had a better and stable hemodynamic profile. How to cite this article Chincholi IH, Madan HK, Patira SD. Pain Perception following Administration of Propofol with 7.5 mg Ephedrine, 15 mg Ephedrine, or Lignocaine—A Comparative Study. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):58-63.

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