A Comparative Study between Ketamine and Lidocaine ro Decrease Propofol Injection Pain During Induction of Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1304-1309
Author(s):  
Bikash Khadka ◽  
Nil Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Injection Pain ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Mild Pain ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Pain during the injection of anesthetic agents may be distressing and can reduce the acceptability of an otherwise useful agent such as propofol during daycare surgeries. Lidocaine and ketamine both are used as pre-treatment to decrease propofol induced pain. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of ketamine injection to decrease propofol-induced pain in comparison to lidocaine injection. Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional comparative study. Eighty-nine cases were divided into two groups where group K received ketamine 2 ml (0.2 mg/kg) whereas group L received lidocaine 2% 2ml (0.5 mg/kg) after venous occlusion with rubber tourniquet. One-fourth dose of propofol was injected 1 min after release of tourniquet and pain accessed at 0, 1, and 2 minutes of propofol injection with a verbal response and behavioral signs. Chi-square test and paired T-test were used and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Regarding hemodynamic, oxygenation, and adverse effects there was no significant difference. Immediately after propofol injection, only 1 patient of the ketamine group had mild pain (2.22%) while 12 patients from the lignocaine group had mild pain (27.27%) with a p-value of 0.009. Also after 2 minutes of propofol injection, only 12 cases had mild pain i.e. 13.48% (1 from ketamine group i.e. 2.22% and 11 from lidocaine group i.e. 25%) with p-value of 0.002. Conclusion: Our study helps prove low-dose ketamine is more effective in reducing the incidence and severity of pain on injection of propofol in comparison to Lidocaine with better hemodynamic stability. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Permanent Teeth in Aseer, KSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Congenitally Missing Teeth ◽  
Congenitally Missing

Background: Hypodontia or congenitally missing teeth is among dental anomalies with different prevalence in each region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Aseer region population. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was done. Panoramic radiographs of 1050 patients (370 girls and 680 boys), 12-40 years old, were collected. The radiographs were studied for evidence of congenitally missing teeth. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Fisher exact test and Chi-square test (0.05). Results: Prevalence of congenitally missing teeth was totally 7.42%. The most frequent congenitally missing teeth was mandibular second premolars (28.21%) followed by maxillary second premolars (25.64%). Upper jaw showed significantly higher number of congenitally missing teeth (P value 0.001). According to Chi-square test, congenital missing teeth were found approximately 7.42% in both females and males and there were no statistically significant difference between sexes (P 0.19). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenitally missing teeth (CMT) in Aseer region permanent dentition was 7.42%. The most common congenitally missing teeth were mandibular second premolar fallowed by maxillary second premolars.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Antibiotic Self-Medication

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mousavi ◽  
Parisa Shojaei ◽  
Azadeh Nazemi ◽  
Atefe Dadashi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: This research has been conducted to study antibiotic self-medication, prevalence, and reasons. Methods: A questionnaire containing 30 comprehensive questions in terms of the experience of antibiotic self-medication was prepared. In this cross-sectional study, data were analyzed using analytical statistics bases on chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 61.3% of the participants were self-antibiotic users. There was a significant difference only between gender and self-medication such that self-medication in males was more than females (P value = 0.027). Conclusions: Self-medication of antibiotics is almost high and requires more information about the side effects of these drugs in order to promote rational and physically prescribed use.

scholarly journals Body mass index in relation to dental maturation of 10 to 14 years old school children in Erbil city. A cross-sectional prospective study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Omar Chawshli ◽  
Yara Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Maturation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and Objectives: Estimation of dental age is based upon the rate of development and calcification of tooth buds and their progressive sequence of eruption in the oral cavity. The tooth calcification provides a valuable indicator of dental age and serves as an index of the maturation of the child. The aim of this study is to determine whether Body Mass Index (BMI) has association with dental maturation. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study design was applied for the present study, 383 school children were participated in this study which nominated from Erbil city. For the sample to be representative the city was divided in to six geographic areas according to the municipalities, the samples randomly selected school children of 10 to 14 years old from both genders. The height and the weight of each participant had been recorded in the college of dentistry / Hawler Medical University in order to calculate the body mass index of the following the guidelines of centers of disease control (CDC) , at the same time an orthopantomography radiograph had been used to investigate the stage of the dental maturation using the Demirjian method, finally, the relationship between BMI and dental maturation were investigated using chi square test with P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant difference. Result: there was a statistically significant relationship between dental maturation and BMI. The majority (93.6%) of samples with under-mature dentition were under-weight at the same time. The vast majority (96%) of samples with mature dentition had normal BMI. In the same manner, majority (91.7%) of samples with over mature dentition were over-weight too. Chi square test was used to find out the association and P-value was 0.001 Conclusion: In conclusion, normal weight students have normal dental maturation, underweight students have under dental maturation and overweight or obese students have over dental maturation. Keywords: body mass index, Demirjian, Orthopantomography.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Fungsi Kognitif Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Unissula dengan IPK Kurang dari 3 dan IPK Lebih sama dengan 3 Yudisium Tahun 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Ahmadi NH ◽  
Elly Noerhidajati ◽  
Siti Maesaroh
Keyword(s):  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The One ◽  
State Examination

Cognitive function varies in each human being, from simple to complex, requiring attention, concentration, and coordination. Cognitive is related to a person's ability to think, solve problems, organize and also to communicate and interact with others and the environment. Methods: cross-sectional research, samples involve the students of medical faculty of Unissula-Semarang with GPA less than 3 and more than 3 graduated in 2018, instrument Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test. Results and Discussion: samples are 56 students, the highest gender is men (51%), the range of age 18-21 years old (53.6%), the number of GPA is the same as the one below and above 3 there are 28 (50%). Test Chi Square gender difference with P value of 0.422 GPA gender does not have significant difference to the GPA, based on the age of the results of T-test p-value 0.000, showed age had significant difference to the GPA, where the age is getting younger GPA is getting better, based on the scores of MMSE test, it was obtained p 1.000, MMSE score has no significant difference with the GPA. Conclusion: Gender and MMSE value have no difference with GPA, there is difference between age and GPA, the younger the students the better GPA the students achieve.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMPLETED SUICIDE BASED ON SEASON AND DISEASES IN BUSHEHR PROVINCE, (2006-2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Montazeri Mahmood ◽  
Hiyam Hosseini ◽  
Behroz Jokar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Comparative Study

Suicide, an act in which individuals sacrifice voluntarily themselves, is considered as a serious psychosocial problem. The main objective of the present study was to determine the comparative study of completed suicide based on season and diseases in Bushehr during 2006-2015. This consideration has been done as a retrospective cross-sectional study; the data were collected by the check list. After coordination to the medico legal 343 cases of completed suicide lead to death over a ten year period from 2006 to 2015 were extracted and the data were analyses by SPSS software. Completed suicides were most prevalent in spring 29.7% (102), whereas least prevalent in autumn 20.1% (69). There was no significantly in different seasons in year (P=0.065). But, was a statistically significant difference observed in the different gender and different seasons of the year (P=0.001). The maximum number of completed suicides 10.2% (35) was observed in April, while the minimum number 6.1% (21) was reported in September and October, too. The value Chi square test was statistically significant differences diseases and different seasons (P=0. 001). The psychological disease was observed most in spring and winter seasons. Also was a significant relationship between season of the year and the method of suicide (P=0.001). The number of completed suicides was higher in moderate and cold seasons.

PERBANDINGAN KEJADIAN NYERI KEPALA TEGANG OTOT (TENSION TYPE HEADACHE / TTH) ANTARA PENGGUNA KOMPUTER DAN MIKROSKOP PADA PEKERJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Yusmahenry Galindra ◽  
Ade Ricky Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tension Headaches ◽  
Chi Square Test

Computers and microscopes are tools used by workers at PT. NPCB, in the quality control and screening section. When working using the tool within> 4 hours can cause tension headaches in the muscles. This study aims to determine the comparison of the incidence of muscle tension headaches between computer users and microscopes. This type of research is quantitative and analytic with the cross-sectional approach. Respondents are 33 people who use computers and 34 microscopy users at PT. NPCB Batam City in 2019. Computer users and microscope users are measured on their headache scale using the VAS questionnaire. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariate. Bivariate analysis records the frequency distribution of each variable. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. From the chi-square test results showed no significant difference in the incidence of muscle tension headaches between computer users and microscope users with a significance value (Pearson value) of 0.957 (p> 0.05). The comparison of the VAS value of Computer and Microscope users is 4.73: 4.41 with a p-value of 0.523. Based on this study it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the incidence of muscle tension headaches between computer users and microscopes.

scholarly journals POS0598 COMPARISON OF INJECTION SITE REACTIONS AND INJECTION SITE ERYTHEMA BETWEEN YLB113 AND ETANERCEPT REFERENCE PRODUCT FROM PHASE 3 ACTIVE COMPARATOR STUDY (STUDY NO. YLB113-002)

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 533.1-533
Author(s):  
D. Stefanidis ◽  
U. G ◽  
J. Sánchez-Bursón ◽  
C. Shah ◽  
D. Bakhle
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Reference Product ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Injection Site Reactions ◽  
Significant Difference

Background:YLB113 is an etanercept biosimilar approved in all indications of its etanercept Reference Product (RP). Therapeutic equivalence in terms of clinical efficacy, safety and immunogenicity was previously demonstrated in a pivotal multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, active-control, comparative study (YLB113-002) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) subjects.1,2 Similar incidence of treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was seen in both treatment arms except for injection site reactions (ISRs) and injection site erythema (ISE), both of which were less frequent in subjects treated with YLB113.Objectives:This post-hoc analysis was performed to further evaluate the differences in the incidence of ISRs and ISE during the 24 week treatment when the subjects with RA were treated with 50 mg of YLB113 or RP given once a week as a SC injection along with methotrexate.Methods:Safety analysis set (263 in YLB113 arm and 254 in RP arm) was considered for this analysis.Local reactions at the site of injection were assessed at each of eight study visits.The number of subjects who experienced ISRs and ISE were statistically compared for YLB113 and RP. The risk difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed between arms to understand the magnitude of difference in the incidence of events. The statistical significance of between group difference was tested using chi-square test.Results:The result of this analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the incidences of ISRs and ISE between subjects who received YLB113 and RP. The risk difference between YLB113 and RP arms for ISR was -9.98% (95% CI, WALD -14.81%, -5.15%) and, for ISE it was -7.94% (95% CI, WALD -11.96%, - 3.92%; Table 1). This could be possibly explained by the absence of latex in the syringe needle cap of YLB113.3Table 1.Differences in ISRs and ISEs between YLB113 and Reference Product (RP)EventYLB113N=263RPN=254YLB113 vs RPNo of subjects with events [n(%)]No of subjects with events[n(%)])Risk Diff (95%CI, WALD)P-value (Chi-Square)Injection-site reactions10 (3.8%)35 (13.8%)-9.98% (-14.81%, -5.15%)<0.0001Injection-site erythema5 (1.9%)25 (9.8%)-7.94% (-11.96%, -3.92%)0.0001Conclusion:YLB113 has shown statistically significant lower incidences of ISRs (P-value <0.0001) and ISEs (P value 0.0001) compared to RP. This property may translate to a better acceptability by patients.References:[1]EULAR Abstract AB0416 (2019). Ann Rheum Dis, volume 78, supplement 2, year 2019, page A1670.[2]Yamanaka H, Kamatani N, Tanaka Y, et al. A Comparative Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of YLB113 and the Etanercept Reference Product for the Treatment of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatol Ther. 2020;7(1):149-163.[3]Viatris Etanercept Summary of Product Characteritics May 2020.Disclosure of Interests:Dimitris Stefanidis Employee of: Viatris GmbHSr. Director, Global Medical Affairs Lead, Immunology Biosimilars, Unmesh G Employee of: Viatris, Juan Sánchez-Bursón: None declared, Chirag Shah Shareholder of: As an employee, Shareholder of Lupin LTD, Employee of: Employee of Lupin LTD, Dhananjay Bakhle Shareholder of: As part of Employee Stock Options Plan from Lupin LTD, Employee of: Employee of Lupin LTD

scholarly journals The Relative Frequency of Bacterial Colonization on the Surfaces of Toys in Kindergartens of Yazd

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Zarei Mahmodabadi ◽  
Mahbobeh Shiranian ◽  
Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddan ◽  
Mohamad Hassan Ehrampoush ◽  
Farimah Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yazd City

Introduction: Kindergartens are the first social environments where children are directly exposed to possible contaminations from other children. Factors such as having uncontrolled urination, putting hand, toys, and different objects into the mouth, and sharing objects with other children facilitate the spread of bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial contamination of toys in kindergartens of Yazd city, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 324 samples of toys made of either cloth, wood, or plastic were collected from kindergartens at three regions of Yazd, Iran. The swab samples obtained from toys' surface were cultured directly on the bacteriologic culture media blood agar and eosin methylene blue. Specific culture medium with biochemical tests and diagnostic disks were used to determine the genus and species of bacteria. Chi-square test was run for statistical analysis of data. The  p value of < 0.05 was considered as the level of significant difference. Results: The most common bacterial colonization of toys found in the kindergartens was Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.3%). Toys made from cloth (with 3914 CFU/cm2) and the municipality region 3 (with 4645 CFU/cm2) showed the highest amount of contamination among the toy materials and different regions, respectively. Conclusion: Assessment of common contaminations in kindergartens may help the authorities to determine the possible causes of pediatric infections and provide them with a more comprehensive knowledge about the personal as well as environmental hygiene. So, by identification of these contaminations, we can modify the underlying factors, reduce the pollutions, and improve the health of children.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of the Midwife in Increasing Exclusive Breast Milk at UPT Puskesmas Mare

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Sulfianti Sulfianti ◽  
Hasliana Haslan
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The University

The kind of research that was utilized in this study was an analytical questionnaire. In this study, a cross-sectional design was employed to collect data. Sixty-six individuals were included in the samples that fulfilled the requirements. The findings revealed that 1) the midwife's attitude toward promoting exclusive breastfeeding at the UPT Puskesmas (Community Health Center) Mare had no impact on the outcomes of the study. The results of the chi square test revealed that the p-value was 0,089, indicating that the hypothesis was correct (0,05). There is an association between midwife assistance and an increase in exclusive breastfeeding at the University of Puskesmas Mare, according to the findings of the chi square test (p-value =0,007 for exclusive breastfeeding at the UPT Puskesmas Mare) (0,05). The rise in exclusive breastfeeding at the UPT Puskesmas Mare may be attributed to the midwifery program, according to the findings. The results of the chi square test reveal that the p-value is 0,0002, which indicates a significant difference (0,05). 4) Midwife assistance had a 12,7-fold higher impact on the rise in exclusive breastfeeding, with a p-value of 0.028 0.05 for the effect of midwife support. The midwife program, on the other hand, had a moderate impact on the rise in exclusive breastfeeding, with a p-value of 0,038 0.05 and a moderate effect of 11,1 times on the increase in exclusive breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Female Sexual Function after Vaginal Delivery with Episiotomy and Cesarean Section

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made W Jembawan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Sexual Function ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: To determine the difference of sexual function after vaginal delivery with episiotomy and cesarean section in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Method: This research was conducted using cross sectional method. Sample was collected using consecutive sampling, starting from October 2011-September 2012. Our sample consists of 86 women, 43 post-episiotomy and 43 post-cesarean section. Sexual function was assessed using FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index). Total score was analyzed using independent t-test and difference of sexual function was tested using Chi-square, with significance level p0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in term of sexual arousal and lubrication, with p-value 0.160 and 0.67, respectively. However, we found significant difference in other domains, namely desire (p=0.014), orgasm (p=0.045), satisfaction (p=0.018), pain (p=0.02), and total FSFI score (p=0.006). Sexual dysfunction was found in 18.60% of the episiotomy group and 2.33% of the cesarean section group, with p=0.030. Conclusion: Female sexual dysfunction was found to be significantly different between women post vaginal delivery with episiotomy and women who had cesarean section. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 4: 199-203] Keywords: cesarean section, episiotomy, female sexual function

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