DWARF and SMALL SEED1, a Novel Allele of OsDWARF, Controls Rice Plant
Architecture, Seed Size, and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

AbstractThe ideal plant architecture is a new strategy for super high yield breeding of rice. Tiller angle is an important plant architecture character of rice. A reasonable tiller angle is a key factor for the ideal plant architecture and achieving high-yield breeding. Molecular design breeding is the most potential new direction of crop breeding in the future. The development of accurate and efficient functional molecular markers of target trait genes is crucial for molecular design breeding. The TAC1 (Tiller Angle Controlling) gene is the primary gene that regulates tiller angle in rice. This gene can be used to improve the compact plant architecture of indica and japonica rice varieties. The SNP variation from A to G at the fourth intron 3′ splicing point in TAC1 changes plant architecture. Based on the SNP variation, PM-TAC1 was successfully developed as a fluorescent functional molecular marker, via the penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system. Ninety-three rice materials were genotyped using this marker, and the marker was effectively used in rice plant architecture breeding. The successful development of this marker will contribute to the molecular breeding of rice plant architecture.

Download Full-text

Notched Belly Grain 4, a Novel Allele of Dwarf 11, Regulates Grain Shape and Seed Germination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19124069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 4069 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaohong Tong ◽

Yifeng Wang ◽

Aiqun Sun ◽

Babatunde Bello ◽

Shen Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Grain Shape ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Chromosome 4 ◽

Wild Type ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Panicle Development ◽

Novel Allele

Notched belly grain (NBG) is a type of deformed grain shape that has been associated with inferior appearance and tastes in rice. NBG is coordinated by both environments and genetics. In this study, we report on the first map-based cloning of an NBG gene on chromosome 4, denoted NBG4, which is a novel allele of Dwarf 11 encoding a cytochrome P450 (CYP724B1) involved in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. A 10-bp deletion in the 7th exon knocked down the level of the NBG4 transcript and shifted the reading frame of the resulting protein. In addition to the dwarf and clustered panicle as previously reported in the allelic mutants, nbg4 grains also displayed retarded germination and NBG due to the physical constraint of deformed hulls caused by abnormal hull elongation. NBG4 is constitutively expressed with the highest level of expression in immature inflorescences. In all, 2294 genes were differentially expressed in nbg4 and wild-type (WT), and evidence is presented that NBG4 regulates OsPPS-2, OsPRA2, OsYUCCA1, sped1-D, and Dwarf that play critical roles in determining plant architecture, panicle development, and seed germination. This study demonstrated that NBG4 is a key node in the brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of rice grain shape.

Download Full-text

Rice grown in nutrient solution with doses of manganese and silicon

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832010000500016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 1629-1639 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽

Renildes Lúcio Ferreira Fontes ◽

Júlio César Lima Neves ◽

Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer ◽

Vinícius Tavares de Ávila

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Rice Plant ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Mn Toxicity ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Leaf Insertion

Although silicon is not recognized as a nutrient, it may benefit rice plants and may alleviate the Mn toxicity in some plant species. The dry matter yield (root, leaf, sheaths and leaf blade) and plant architecture (angle of leaf insertion and leaf arc) were evaluated in rice plants grown in nutrient solutions with three Mn doses, with and without Si addition. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial [with and without (2 mmol L-1) Si; three Mn doses (0.5; 2.5 and 10 µmol L-1)], in a randomized block design with 4 replications. The experimental unit was a 4 L plastic vase with 4 rice (Metica-1 cultivar) plants. Thirty nine days after keeping the seedlings in the nutrient solution the plant dry matter yield was determined; the angle of leaf insertion in the sheath and the leaf arc were measured; and the Si and Mn concentrations in roots, sheaths and leaves were determined. The analysis of variance (F test at 5 and 1 % levels) and the regression analysis (for testing plant response to Mn with the Si treatments) were performed. The Si added to the nutrient solution increased the dry matter yield of roots, sheaths and leaf blades and also decreased the angle of leaf blade insertion into the sheath and the foliar arc in the rice plant. Additionally, it ameliorated the rice plant architecture which allowed an increase in the dry matter yield. Similarly, the addition of Mn to the solution improved the architecture of the rice plants with gain in dry matter yield. As Si was added to the nutrient solution, the concentration of Mn in leaves decreased and in roots increased thus alleviating the toxic effects of Mn on the plants.

Download Full-text