scholarly journals Face Identification using Histogram

2020 ◽  
pp. 670-674
Author(s):  
Tejas Rana
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Feature Descriptor ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Local Contrast ◽  
Contrast Normalization ◽  
The Impact

Various experiments or methods can be used for face recognition and detection however two of the main contain an experiment that evaluates the impact of facial landmark localization in the face recognition performance and the second experiment evaluates the impact of extracting the HOG from a regular grid and at multiple scales. We observe the question of feature sets for robust visual object recognition. The Histogram of Oriented Gradients outperform other existing methods like edge and gradient based descriptors. We observe the influence of each stage of the computation on performance, concluding that fine-scale gradients, relatively coarse spatial binning, fine orientation binning and high- quality local contrast normalization in overlapping descriptor patches are all important for good results. Comparative experiments show that though HOG is simple feature descriptor, the proposed HOG feature achieves good results with much lower computational time.

scholarly journals Cross-Modal Environment Self-Adaptation During Object Recognition in Artificial Cognitive Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miralles ◽  
Guillem Garrofé ◽  
Calota Parés ◽  
Alejandro González ◽  
Gerard Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Haptic Information ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Object Exploration ◽  
The Creation

Abstract The cognitive connection between the senses of touch and vision is probably the best-known case of cross-modality. Recent discoveries suggest that the mapping between both senses is learned rather than innate. These evidences open the door to a dynamic cross-modality that allows individuals to adaptively develop within their environment. Mimicking this aspect of human learning, we propose a new cross-modal mechanism that allows artificial cognitive systems (ACS) to adapt quickly to unforeseen perceptual anomalies generated by the environment or by the system itself. In this context, visual recognition systems have advanced remarkably in recent years thanks to the creation of large-scale datasets together with the advent of deep learning algorithms. However, such advances have not occurred on the haptic mode, mainly due to the lack of two-handed dexterous datasets that allow learning systems to process the tactile information of human object exploration. This data imbalance limits the creation of synchronized multimodal datasets that would enable the development of cross-modality in ACS during object exploration. In this work, we use a multimodal dataset recently generated from tactile sensors placed on a collection of objects that capture haptic data from human manipulation, together with the corresponding visual counterpart. Using this data, we create a cross-modal learning transfer mechanism capable of detecting both sudden and permanent anomalies in the visual channel and still maintain visual object recognition performance by retraining the visual mode for a few minutes using haptic information. Here we show the importance of cross-modality in perceptual awareness and its ecological capabilities to self-adapt to different environments.

Minimal Recognizable Configurations Elicit Category-selective Responses in Higher Order Visual Cortex

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1354-1367
Author(s):  
Yael Holzinger ◽  
Shimon Ullman ◽  
Daniel Harari ◽  
Marlene Behrmann ◽  
Galia Avidan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Early Visual Cortex

Visual object recognition is performed effortlessly by humans notwithstanding the fact that it requires a series of complex computations, which are, as yet, not well understood. Here, we tested a novel account of the representations used for visual recognition and their neural correlates using fMRI. The rationale is based on previous research showing that a set of representations, termed “minimal recognizable configurations” (MIRCs), which are computationally derived and have unique psychophysical characteristics, serve as the building blocks of object recognition. We contrasted the BOLD responses elicited by MIRC images, derived from different categories (faces, objects, and places), sub-MIRCs, which are visually similar to MIRCs, but, instead, result in poor recognition and scrambled, unrecognizable images. Stimuli were presented in blocks, and participants indicated yes/no recognition for each image. We confirmed that MIRCs elicited higher recognition performance compared to sub-MIRCs for all three categories. Whereas fMRI activation in early visual cortex for both MIRCs and sub-MIRCs of each category did not differ from that elicited by scrambled images, high-level visual regions exhibited overall greater activation for MIRCs compared to sub-MIRCs or scrambled images. Moreover, MIRCs and sub-MIRCs from each category elicited enhanced activation in corresponding category-selective regions including fusiform face area and occipital face area (faces), lateral occipital cortex (objects), and parahippocampal place area and transverse occipital sulcus (places). These findings reveal the psychological and neural relevance of MIRCs and enable us to make progress in developing a more complete account of object recognition.

scholarly journals Hemispheric Organization for Visual Object Recognition: A Theoretical Account and Empirical Evidence

Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Behrmann ◽  
David C. Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Areas

Despite the similarity in structure, the hemispheres of the human brain have somewhat different functions. A traditional view of hemispheric organization asserts that there are independent and largely lateralized domain-specific regions in ventral occipitotemporal (VOTC), specialized for the recognition of distinct classes of objects. Here, we offer an alternative account of the organization of the hemispheres, with a specific focus on face and word recognition. This alternative account relies on three computational principles: distributed representations and knowledge, cooperation and competition between representations, and topography and proximity. The crux is that visual recognition results from a network of regions with graded functional specialization that is distributed across both hemispheres. Specifically, the claim is that face recognition, which is acquired relatively early in life, is processed by VOTC regions in both hemispheres. Once literacy is acquired, word recognition, which is co-lateralized with language areas, primarily engages the left VOTC and, consequently, face recognition is primarily, albeit not exclusively, mediated by the right VOTC. We review psychological and neural evidence from a range of studies conducted with normal and brain-damaged adults and children and consider findings which challenge this account. Last, we offer suggestions for future investigations whose findings may further refine this account.

Canonical Views in Haptic Object Perception

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6038 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T Woods ◽  
Allison Moore ◽  
Fiona N Newell
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Object Exploration ◽  
Haptic Object ◽  
Efficient Recognition ◽  
Canonical Views

Previous investigations of visual object recognition have found that some views of both familiar and unfamiliar objects promote more efficient recognition performance than other views. These views are considered as canonical and are often the views that present the most information about an object's 3-D structure and features in the image. Although objects can also be efficiently recognised with touch alone, little is known whether some views promote more efficient recognition than others. This may seem unlikely, given that the object structure and features are readily available to the hand during object exploration. We conducted two experiments to investigate whether canonical views existed in haptic object recognition. In the first, participants were required to position each object in a way that would present the best view for learning the object with touch alone. We found a large degree of consistency of viewpoint position across participants for both familiar and unfamiliar objects. In a second experiment, we found that these consistent, or canonical, views promoted better haptic recognition performance than other random views of the objects. Interestingly, these haptic canonical views were not necessarily the same as the canonical views normally found in visual perception. Nevertheless, our findings provide support for the idea that both the visual and the tactile systems are functionally equivalent in terms of how objects are represented in memory and subsequently recognised.

scholarly journals Behavioral Change and Its Neural Correlates in Visual Agnosia After Expertise Training

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Behrmann ◽  
Jonathan Marotta ◽  
Isabel Gauthier ◽  
Michael J. Tarr ◽  
Thomas J. McKeeff
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Visual Agnosia ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Neurologically Normal

Agnosia, the impairment in object and face recognition despite intact vision and intelligence, is one of the most intriguing and debilitating neuropsychological deficits. The goal of this study was to determine whether S.M., an individual with longstanding visual agnosia and concomitant prosopagnosia, can be retrained to perform visual object recognition and, if so, what neural substrates mediate this reacquisition. Additionally, of interest is the extent to which training on one type of visual stimulus generalizes to other visual stimuli, as this informs our understanding of the organization of ventral visual cortex. Greebles were chosen as the stimuli for retraining given that, in neurologically normal individuals, these stimuli can engage the fusiform face area. Posttraining, S.M. showed significant improvement in recognizing Greebles, although he did not attain normal levels of performance. He was also able to recognize untrained Greebles and showed improvement in recognizing common objects. Surprisingly, his performance on face recognition, albeit poor initially, was even more impaired following training. A comparison of preand postintervention functional neuroimaging data mirrored the behavioral findings: Face-selective voxels in the fusiform gyrus prior to training were no longer so and were, in fact, more Greeble-selective. The findings indicate potential for experience-dependent dynamic reorganization in agnosia with the possibility that residual neural tissue, with limited capacity, will compete for representations.

scholarly journals Recurrent convolutional neural networks: a better model of biological object recognition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney J. Spoerer ◽  
Patrick McClure ◽  
Nikolaus Kriegeskorte
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Recurrent Neural Networks ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Feedforward Neural Networks ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Feedback Connections

Feedforward neural networks provide the dominant model of how the brain performs visual object recognition. However, these networks lack the lateral and feedback connections, and the resulting recurrent neuronal dynamics, of the ventral visual pathway in the human and nonhuman primate brain. Here we investigate recurrent convolutional neural networks with bottom-up (B), lateral (L), and top-down (T) connections. Combining these types of connections yields four architectures (B, BT, BL, and BLT), which we systematically test and compare. We hypothesized that recurrent dynamics might improve recognition performance in the challenging scenario of partial occlusion. We introduce two novel occluded object recognition tasks to test the efficacy of the models, digit clutter (where multiple target digits occlude one another) and digit debris (where target digits are occluded by digit fragments). We find that recurrent neural networks outperform feedforward control models (approximately matched in parametric complexity) at recognising objects, both in the absence of occlusion and in all occlusion conditions. Recurrent networks were also found to be more robust to the inclusion of additive Gaussian noise. Recurrent neural networks are better in two respects: (1) they are more neurobiologically realistic than their feedforward counterparts; (2) they are better in terms of their ability to recognise objects, especially under challenging conditions. This work shows that computer vision can benefit from using recurrent convolutional architectures and suggests that the ubiquitous recurrent connections in biological brains are essential for task performance.

scholarly journals Teaching methods shape neural tuning to visual words in beginning readers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice van de Walle de Ghelcke ◽  
Bruno Rossion ◽  
Christine Schiltz ◽  
Aliette Lochy
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Poor Readers ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Global Method ◽  
Visual Words ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of global vs. phonics teaching methods for reading on the emergence of left hemisphere neural specialization for word recognition is unknown in children. We tested 42 first graders behaviorally and with electroencephalography with Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation to measure selective neural responses to letter strings. Letter strings were inserted periodically (1/5) in pseudofonts in 40sec sequences displayed at 6Hz and were either words globally taught at school, eliciting visual whole-word form recognition (global method), or control words/pseudowords eliciting grapheme-phoneme mappings (phonic method). Selective responses (F/5, 1.2Hz) were left lateralized for control stimuli but bilateral for globally taught words, especially in poor readers. These results show that global method instruction induces activation in the right hemisphere, involved in holistic processing and visual object recognition, rather than in the specialized left hemisphere for reading. Poor readers, given their difficulties in automatizing grapheme-phoneme mappings, mostly rely on this alternative inadequate strategy.

Task, Timing, and Representation in Visual Object Recognition

2012 ◽  
pp. 44-64
Author(s):  
Albert L. Rothenstein
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Primate Vision

Most biologically-inspired models of object recognition rely on a feed-forward architecture in which abstract representations are gradually built from simple representations, but recognition performance in such systems drops when multiple objects are present in the input. This chapter puts forward the proposal that by using multiple passes of the visual processing hierarchy, both bottom-up and top-down, it is possible to address the limitations of feed-forward architectures and explain the different recognition behaviors that primate vision exhibits. The model relies on the reentrant connections that are ubiquitous in the primate brain to recover spatial information, and thus allow for the selective processing of stimuli. The chapter ends with a discussion of the implications of this work, its explanatory power, and a number of predictions for future experimental work.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document