scholarly journals Miopía y Astigmatismo miópico en escolares

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bastias G. ◽  
Rodolfo Villena M. ◽  
Jocelyn Dunstan E. ◽  
Mario Zanolli S.
Keyword(s):  
Cover Test

Existe un aumento epidémico de miopía en distintas partes del mundo. En niños, la evidencia apunta hacia la falta de exposición a luz natural. En Chile, la situación poblacional de miopía en niños se desconoce.Objetivo: Estimar la tendencia de miopía y astigmatismo miópico en escolares de 1º y 6º básico del sistema público de educación de Chile.Sujetos y Método: Estudio ecológico en base a las confirmaciones diagnósticas del Programa Servicios Médicos de JUNAEB, periodo 2012-2018. Se estimó prevalencia anual de miopía y astigmatismo del país, por región y según sexo. La evaluación en el tamizaje contempló agudeza visual usando tabla Snellen E Abreviada, rojo pupilar, test de Hirschberg, test de Titmus, Cover test, motilidad ocular y examen de segmento anterior. Se utilizó chi2 y regresión logística para evaluar diferencias y regresión lineal para estimar cambio promedio anual.Resultados: En 2012-2018, la miopía y astigmatismo miópico tuvieron presentación geográfica heterogénea. La miopía y astigmatismo miópico ≥ 3 dioptrías aumentaron a un promedio anual de 0,11% (R2 0,67) y 1,21% (R2 0,90) en 1º básico y a 0,2% (R2 0,65) y 8,7% (R2 0,79) en 6º básico. La miopía < 3 dioptrías declinó 0,13% promedio anual (R2 0,45) en 1º básico y el astigmatismo miópico < 3 dioptrías, 0,5% (R2 0,53) en 6º básico. El astigmatismo miópico alto afectó más a hombres y la miopía < 3 dioptrías a mujeres de 6º básico.Discusión: En los escolares del sistema público de educación, la miopía y astigmatismo miópico ≥ 3 dioptrías tienden al aumento. El efecto protector de miopía que otorga la luz natural, demostrado en estudios longitudinales y experimentales, es evidencia a considerar para fomentar el tiempo de los niños al aire libre.

Visual Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation in a Patient with Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-173
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Cover Test

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a dopamine deficiency that presents with motor symptoms. Visual disorders can occur concomitantly but are frequently overlooked. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been an effective treatment to improve tremors, stiffness and overall mobility, but little is known about its effects on the visual system. Case Report: A 75-year-old Caucasian male with PD presented with longstanding binocular diplopia. On baseline examination, the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in each eye. On observation, he had noticeable tremors with an unsteady gait. Distance alternating cover test showed exophoria with a right hyperphoria. Near alternating cover test revealed a significantly larger exophoria accompanied by a reduced near point of convergence. Additional testing with a 24-2 Humphrey visual field and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the nerve and macula were unremarkable. The patient underwent DBS implantation five weeks after initial examination, and the device was activated four weeks thereafter. At follow up, the patient still complained of intermittent diplopia. There was no significant change in the manifest refraction or prism correction. On observation, the patient had remarkably improved tremors with a steady gait. All parameters measured were unchanged. The patient was evaluated again seven months after device activation. Although vergence ranges at all distances were improved, the patient was still symptomatic for intermittent diplopia. OCT scans of the optic nerve showed borderline but symmetric thinning in each eye. All other parameters measured were unchanged. Conclusion: The case found no significant changes on ophthalmic examination after DBS implantation and activation in a patient with PD. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no other cases in the literature that investigated the effects of DBS on the visual system pathway in a patient with PD before and after DBS implantation and activation.

Strabismus Cover Test Demonstrator

1971 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 760-762
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Wirtschafter ◽  
Irvine P. Stapp
Keyword(s):  
Cover Test

scholarly journals Ambliopia anisometropia

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laya Rares
Keyword(s):  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Maddox Rod ◽  
The Right ◽  
Test Cover ◽  
Myopic Astigmatism ◽  
Distance Fixation ◽  
Cover Test

Abstract: Anisometropic amblyopia is blurred vision due to refractive anomaly without any anatomical disorders of the eyes. It is frequently found among children in their growth and development periods. The prognosis depends on the ambylopia severity, management, patient’s obedience to the management, and age. We report a case of anisometropic amblyopia in a 8-year-old boy with his main complaint was blurred vision of both eyes. The ophthalmological examination showed the visual acuity of both eyes 6/40, PH 6/9. Several tests that showed normal results were as follows: eyeball movements to all directions; pupil responses to light; Hischberg test; cover test dan cover uncover test at near and far distance fixation; alternate cover test; and worth four dots and Maddox rod tests. Cyclopegical refraction with streak retinoscopy at 50 cm distance resulted in right eye S-4.00 C-3.00 x1800 6/9 and left eye S-1.25 C-3.25 x1800 6/7.5; autorefraction of right eye S-4.50 C-3.25 x70 and of left eye S-1.25 C-4.25 x1710. Anterior and posterior segments of both eyes were normal. Conclusion: In this case, the diagnosis was confirmed as anisometropic amblyopia and compound myopic astigmatism of the right and left eyes. The prognosis was dubia ad bonam. The patient was treated with maximal correction glasses and observed for the first four weeks, and then would be evaluated continuously untill the vision was normal. Keywords: amblyopia anisometropia, vision, refraction anomalyAbstrak: Ambliopia anisometropia merupakan gangguan penglihatan akibat kelainan refraksi tanpa disertai adanya kelainan anatomik pada mata yang sering terjadi pada masa perkembangan anak. Prognosis sangat tergantung pada derajat ambliopia, penanganan, kepatuhan pasien terhadap penanganan, dan usia pasien. Kami melaporkan kasus ambliopia anisometropia pada seorang anak berusia 8 tahun, dengan keluhan utama penglihatan kedua mata kabur. Dari pemeriksaan oftalmologik didapatkan visus ODS 6/40, PH 6/9. Beberapa pemeriksaan yang dilakukan memperlihatkan hasil normal, yaitu: pergerakan bola mata ke segala arah; respon pupil terhadap cahaya; Hischberg test; cover test dan cover uncover test pada fiksasi jarak dekat dan jauh; alternate cover test; serta worth four dots test dan Maddox rod test. Pemeriksaan refraksi sikloplegik dengan streak retinoscopy pada jarak 50 cm didapatkan mata kanan S-4,00 C-3,00 x1800 6/9 dan mata kiri S-1,25 C-3,25 x1800 6/7,5 dan pemeriksaan autorefraksi mata kanan S-4,50 C-3,25 x70 dan mata kiri S-1,25 C-4,25 x1710. Pemeriksaan segmen anterior dan posterior mata kanan dan kiri dalam batas normal. Simpulan: Diagnosis pada kasus ini ialah ambliopia anisometropia ODS dan astigmatisma miopikus kompositus ODS, dengan prognosis dubia ad bonam. Terapi yang diberikan ialah kacamata koreksi maksimal dan diobservasi selama 4 minggu pertama, dan akan dievaluasi terus sampai ketajaman penglihatan normaL. Kata kunci: ambliopia anisometropia, ketajaman penglihatan, kelainan refraksi

The “Cover Test For Near.”

1940 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-364
Author(s):  
Nigel Cridland
Keyword(s):  
Cover Test
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