scholarly journals Mogućnosti suzbijanja cvjetnog štitastog moljca prirodnim neprijateljima i botaničkim insekticidima

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ivan Juran ◽  
Kristina Šumić ◽  
Maja Čačija
Keyword(s):  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum

Cvjetni štitasti moljac, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856), ekonomski je najznačajniji štetnik na kulturama koje se uzgajaju u zaštićenim prostorima, posebice rajčice. Javlja se svake godine i uzrokuje direktne i indirektne štete, te prenosi biljne viruse. Brojnost populacije i visina šteta su u izravnoj korelaciji, odnosno veće štete nastaju pri brojnijoj populaciji. Praćenje i pravovremeno uočavanje ovog štetnika ima veliki značaj za uspjeh primjene mjera suzbijanja. Cvjetni štitasti moljac prati se žutim ljepljivim pločama i vizualnim pregledima naličja listova. Već pri uočavanju jedne odrasle jedinke potrebno je pristupiti suzbijanju kako bi se spriječilo prenamnožavanje i daljnje širenje. Kemijske mjere najčešći su način suzbijanja moljca. No, uslijed učestalog korištenja insekticida, posebice insekticida istog mehanizma djelovanja, pojavio se problem rezistentnosti ovog štetnika na brojne djelatne tvari iz različitih kemijskih grupa. Stoga se u integriranoj zaštiti prednost daje agrotehničkim, mehaničkim, fizikalnim i biološkim mjerama koje ne dovode do pojave rezistentnosti i prihvatljivije su za okoliš. Biološke mjere uključuju korištenje različitih makrobioloških i mikrobioloških preparata, naturalita i botaničkih insekticida. Entomofagne osice uspješno se koriste u suzbijanju cvjetnog štitastog moljca. Vrlo je važna njihova pravovremena primjena, jer su najviše učinkovite pri nižim populacijama štetnika. Sve veća pozornost pridaje se botaničkim insekticidima kao ekološki povoljnijoj zamjeni za kemijske insekticide. Prirodnog su porijekla, a mnogi od njih imaju insekticidno djelovanje te bi se mogli primjenjivati u suzbijanju cvjetnog štitastog moljca i na taj način omogućiti uspješnu zaštitu kultura koje ovaj štetnik napada.

scholarly journals A novel non-trichome based whitefly resistance QTL in Solanum galapagense

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Santegoets ◽  
Marcella Bovio ◽  
Wendy van’t Westende ◽  
Roeland E. Voorrips ◽  
Ben Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Type Iv

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum is a major threat in tomato cultivation. In greenhouse grown tomatoes non-trichome based whitefly resistance may be better suited than glandular trichome based resistance as glandular trichomes may interfere with biocontrol, which is widely used. Analysis of a collection of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum galapagense showed resistance to the whitefly T. vaporariorum on plants without glandular trichomes type IV. The resistance affected whitefly adult survival (AS), but not oviposition rate. This indicates that S. galapagense, in addition to trichome based resistance, also carries non-trichome based resistance components. The effectiveness of the non-trichome based resistance appeared to depend on the season in which the plants were grown. The resistance also had a small but significant effect on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but not on the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. A segregating F2 population was created to map the non-trichome based resistance. Two Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for reduced AS of T. vaporariorum were mapped on chromosomes 12 and 7 (explaining 13.9% and 6.0% of the variance respectively). The QTL on chromosome 12 was validated in F3 lines.

scholarly journals Vibrational communication and mating behavior of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Fattoruso ◽  
Gianfranco Anfora ◽  
Valerio Mazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Vibrational Communication ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Behavioral Manipulation ◽  
Vibrational Signals ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Behavioral Transition ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly (GW), Trialeurodes vaporariorum is considered one of the most harmful insect pests in greenhouses worldwide. The GW mating behavior has been partially investigated and its vibrational communication is only in part known. A deeper knowledge of its intraspecific communication is required to evaluate the applicability of control methods based on techniques of behavioral manipulation. In this study, for the first time, we provided a detailed ethogram of the GW mating behavior and we characterized the vibrational signals emitted during the process of pair formation. We characterized two types of male vibrational emissions (“chirp” and “pulses”), differently arranged according to the behavioral stage to form stage-specific signals, and a previously undescribed Male Rivalry Signal. We recorded and characterized two new female signals: The Female Responding Signal and the Female Rejective Signal. The mating behavior of GW can be divided into six different stages that we named “call”, “alternated duet”, “courtship”, “overlapped duet”, “mating”, “failed mating attempt”. The analysis performed with the Markovian behavioral transition matrix showed that the “courtship” is the key stage in which male exhibits its quality and can lead to the “overlapped duet” stage. The latter is strictly associated to the female acceptance and therefore it plays a crucial role to achieve mating success. Based on our findings, we consider the use of vibrational playbacks interfering with GW mating communication a promising option for pest control in greenhouses. We discuss the possibility to start a research program of behavioral manipulation to control the populations of GW.

Virus Decline of Strawberry in California and the Role of Insect Vectors and Associated Viruses

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra K. Dara
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Purple Coloration

Greenhouse white fly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood); western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); and strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), are common pests of strawberries in California and are vectors of one or more viruses. Most of the viruses transmitted by these vectors do not cause symptoms on strawberry when the infection occurs individually. However, when one of the viruses (Beet pseudoyellows virus or Strawberry pallidosis-associated virus) transmitted by T. vaporariorum is present along with one of the viruses transmitted by F. occidentalis, C. fragaefolii, or other sources, it results in a virus decline of strawberry, which can cause significant crop losses. Stunted root and plant growth, purple coloration of foliage, and dieback of the plant are some of the symptoms associated with virus decline. Increases in T. vaporariorum infestations during the past few years significantly elevated the risk of whitefly as a crop pest and a disease vector. This article reviews virus decline of strawberry, symptoms of infection, and the current status of insect vectors in California strawberries. Accepted for publication 17 November 2015. Published 20 November 2015.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document