scholarly journals A novel non-trichome based whitefly resistance QTL in Solanum galapagense

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Santegoets ◽  
Marcella Bovio ◽  
Wendy van’t Westende ◽  
Roeland E. Voorrips ◽  
Ben Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Type Iv

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum is a major threat in tomato cultivation. In greenhouse grown tomatoes non-trichome based whitefly resistance may be better suited than glandular trichome based resistance as glandular trichomes may interfere with biocontrol, which is widely used. Analysis of a collection of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum galapagense showed resistance to the whitefly T. vaporariorum on plants without glandular trichomes type IV. The resistance affected whitefly adult survival (AS), but not oviposition rate. This indicates that S. galapagense, in addition to trichome based resistance, also carries non-trichome based resistance components. The effectiveness of the non-trichome based resistance appeared to depend on the season in which the plants were grown. The resistance also had a small but significant effect on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but not on the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. A segregating F2 population was created to map the non-trichome based resistance. Two Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for reduced AS of T. vaporariorum were mapped on chromosomes 12 and 7 (explaining 13.9% and 6.0% of the variance respectively). The QTL on chromosome 12 was validated in F3 lines.

scholarly journals An Acylsucrose-Producing Tomato Line Derived from the Wild Species Solanum pimpinellifolium Decreases Fitness of the Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 616 ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Rodríguez-López ◽  
Enrique Moriones ◽  
Rafael Fernández-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Solanum Pimpinellifolium ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Settling Performance

A combination of biological control and host plant resistance would be desirable for optimally controlling the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato crops. Whitefly settlement preference, oviposition, and survivorship were evaluated on ABL 10-4 and ‘Moneymaker’, two nearly-isogenic tomato lines with, and without, whitefly-resistance traits based on type IV leaf glandular trichomes derived from the tomato wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium, respectively. Significantly reduced preference of T. vaporariorum adult whiteflies for ABL 10-4 leaves was observed. Moreover, T. vaporariorum altered its abaxial–adaxial settling performance on leaves of ABL 10-4 plants. A significantly lower tendency to settle on abaxial leaf surface was observed in ABL 10-4 compared to Moneymaker plants. Furthermore, T. vaporariorum deposited fewer eggs and exhibited a significantly reduced egg to adult survivorship in ABL 10-4 than in Moneymaker plants. Therefore, reduced fitness and distorted performance were observed for T. vaporariorum on ABL 10-4 tomato plants supporting that type IV leaf glandular trichomes might protect them from this pest and, indirectly, from the viruses it transmits.

scholarly journals Introgression of type-IV glandular trichomes from Solanum galapagense to cultivated tomato reveals genetic complexity for the development of acylsugar-based insect resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloisa Vendemiatti ◽  
Rodrigo Therezan ◽  
Mateus Henrique Vicente ◽  
Maisa de Siqueira Pinto ◽  
Nick Bergau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Develop Type ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Mapping By Sequencing

Glandular trichomes are involved in the production of food- and medicine-relevant chemicals in plants, besides being associated with pest resistance. In some wild Solanum species closely related to the cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum), the presence of type-IV glandular trichomes leads to the production of high levels of insecticide acylsugars (AS). Conversely, low AS production observed in the cultivated tomato is attributed to its incapacity to develop type-IV trichomes in adult organs. Therefore, we hypothesized that cultivated tomatoes engineered to harbor type-IV trichomes on the leaves of mature plants can be pest resistant. We introgressed into the tomato cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) the capability of S. galapagense to maintain the development of type-IV trichomes throughout all plant stages, thus creating a line named "Galapagos enhanced trichomes" (MT-Get). Mapping-by-sequencing of MT-Get revealed that five chromosomal regions of S. galapagense were present in MT-Get. Further mapping reveled that S. galapagense alleles on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3 are sufficient for the presence of type-IV trichomes, but in lower densities. GC-MS, LC-MS, and gene expression analyses demonstrated that the increased density of type-IV trichomes was accompanied by high AS production and exudation in MT-Get. Moreover, MT-Get did not differ from MT in its susceptibility to whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Our findings demonstrates that type-IV glandular trichome development along with AS production and exudation are partially uncoupled at the genetic level. The MT-Get genotype represents a valuable resource for further studies involving the biochemical manipulation of type-IV trichome content through either genetic introgression or transgenic approaches.

scholarly journals Methodological aspects related to biological assessment of insectoacaricides on flower cultures of protected ground

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
T. V. Dolzhenko ◽  
V. I. Makarenko ◽  
L. A. Burkova
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

Relevance. Analysis of the present range of pesticides that are used in flower orangeries showed critical shortage of allowed pesticides. Now there are no methods for registration testing of insecticides designed to protect flowers in greenhouses. Thus, the purpose of our research is to develop methodological approaches to assessment of abundance of major pests for flower cultures of protected ground and determination of biological effectiveness of new insectoacaricides.Methods. The following phytophages represent flower pests that are predominant in the protected ground: aphids: green peach – Myzus persicae Sulz., melon and cotton – Aphis gossypii Glov., greenhouse-potato – Aulacorthum solani Kalt., potato – Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thom., green rose – Macrosiphum rosae Linn.; whiteflies: greenhouse whitefly – Trialeurodes vaporariorum Wstw., silverleaf whitefly – Bemisia tabaci Genn.; thrips: tobacco – Thrips tabaci Lind., rose – Th. fuscipennis Hal., western flower – Frankliniella occidentalis Perg., heterophagous – F. intonsa Tryb., greenhouse – Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bouche; mites: red spider – Tetranychus urticae Koch.; red greenhouse – T. cinnabarinus BoisdResults. Researches related to assessment of abundance of major pests for flower cultures and choosing methods related to determination of biological effectiveness of insectoacaricides were performed in flower orangeries of Leningrad Region on hybrid tea roses Rosa L., chrysnatemums Chrysanthemum L., gerberas Gerbera G. As a result, the algorithm for performing tests related to study of new insectoacaricides on flower cultures in greenhouses is developed. Methodology instructions that we offer for assessment of abundance of major pests for flower cultures of protected ground and determination of biological effectiveness of new insectoacaricides are intended for ensuring the uniform methodological approach to performance of registration tests of modern means to fight against these pests and opportunity for analysis of tests in various agroclimatic areas and obtaining a reasonable general conclusion and findings related to pesticides taking into account international requirements. 

scholarly journals Glandular trichomes that mediate resistance to green peach aphid in tomato genotypes from the cross between S. galapagense and S. lycopersicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e42704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Antonio Da Silva ◽  
Regis De Castro Carvalho ◽  
Marcela Carvalho Andrade ◽  
André Ricardo Zeist ◽  
Juliano Tadeu Vilela Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Leaf Trichomes ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Resistance Tests ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

 The aim of this study was to verify the resistance of tomato genotypes (crossed with Solanum galapagense) to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the association of this resistance with glandular trichomes. Leaf trichomes were quantified for seven F2 genotypes of the BPX-486 population derived from crossing S. lycopersicum ‘TOM-684’ and S. galapagense accession ‘LA-1401’, for the commercial controls ‘TOM-584’ and ‘Santa Clara’, and for the accession ‘LA-1401’. After this evaluation, the genotypes were subjected to two nonpreference resistance tests of the green peach aphid in the laboratory, one with choice and the other without choice. Five genotypes (BPX-486-17, BPX-486-62, BPX-486-10, BPX-486-46, and BPX-486-08) and the accession LA-1401 exhibited a high density of type IV glandular trichomes and a lower mean number of nymphs and adults of M. persicae than two genotypes (BPX-486-313 and BPX-486-383) and the controls with a low density of glandular trichomes, in all the evaluations of both tests. Significant negative correlations between the density of type IV glandular trichomes of the tomato genotypes and the preference of M. persicae were found, which confirms the association between this type of glandular trichome and resistance to M. persicae in tomato genotypes.

Diverse sources of resistance to Spodoptera litura (F.) in groundnut

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saleem ◽  
G. K. Naidu ◽  
H. L. Nadaf ◽  
P. S. Tippannavar
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Spodoptera litura an important insect pest of groundnut causes yield loss up to 71% in India. Though many effective chemicals are available to control Spodoptera, host plant resistance is the most desirable, economic and eco-friendly strategy. In the present study, groundnut mini core (184), recombinant inbred lines (318) and elite genotypes (44) were studied for their reaction to Spodoptera litura under hot spot location at Dharwad. Heritable component of variation existed for resistance to Spodoptera in groundnut mini core, recombinant inbred lines and elite genotypes indicating scope for selection of Spodoptera resistant genotypes. Only 29 (15%) genotypes belonging to hypogaea, fastigiata and hirsuta botanical varieties under mini core set, 15 transgressive segregants belonging to fastigiata botanical variety among 318 recombinant inbred lines and three genotypes belonging to hypogaea and fastigiata botanical varieties under elite genotypes showed resistance to Spodoptera litura with less than 10% leaf damage. Negative correlation existed between resistance to Spodoptera and days to 50 per cent flowering indicating late maturing nature of resistant genotypes. Eight resistant genotypes (ICG 862, ICG 928, ICG 76, ICG 2777, ICG 5016, ICG 12276, ICG 4412 and ICG 9905) under hypogaea botanical variety also had significantly higher pod yield. These diverse genotypes could serve as potential donors for incorporation of Spodoptera resistance in groundnut.

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