scholarly journals Likovna umetnost v Mariboru v času nemške okupacije 1941–1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2021) (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Iskra
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich

The article deals with the organisation of art life in Maribor during the German occupation. Based on archival material, various aspects of the Maribor affiliate of the Graz-based association Comradeship of Styrian Artists and Friends of Art (Kameradschaft Steirischer Künstler und Kunstfreunde) are presented, as well as art exhibitions held in Maribor from 1941 to 1943. The activity of the Maribor affiliate is set in the context of the German occupation policy in Lower Styria, especially in the context of their efforts to Germanise the region and annex it to the Third Reich.

scholarly journals Powstanie kawalerii SS Totenkopf i jej rola w niemieckiej polityce okupacyjnej na ziemiach polskich w latach 1939–1941

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
Jarosław Dybek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
False Image ◽  
The Third Reich

The topic of the article is one of the German SS regiments stationed in occupied Poland and its role in The German occupation policy. While the history of the SS formation is very well known in both academic and popular science literature, its cavalry has not been elaborated in great detail thus far. Although this topic seems interesting, it has not yet been discussed in any book in the Polish language. Most of the literature related to this topic was published in German and English. The 1st SS Death’s Head Cavalry Regiment operated primarily in the General Government and was under the Higher SS and Police Command. Some of its squadrons also operated in areas annexed to the Reich, i.e. the Warta Voievodship (Reichsgau Wartheland). From this article we will learn about the formation of the SS Death’s Head cavalry and its gradual inclusion in the brutal occupation policy of the Third Reich in Poland. In the case of its formation, we are dealing with tasks such as combating the early partisan units, searching for weapons, participating in the creation of ghettos, or helping to eliminate Polish levels of the intelligentsia. Noteworthy is the participation of this unit in the production of the propaganda film “Kampfgeschwader Lützow”, in which Polish cavalrymen were presented attacking German tanks with sabres. This false image was reproduced after the war in some movies or books, and contributed to the distorted presentation of Polish soldiers in the defensive battles of 1939.

Parleying with the Devil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaj Trifković ◽  
Klaus Schmider
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Second World

The Second World War in Yugoslavia is notorious for the brutal struggle between the armed forces of the Third Reich and the communist-led Partisans. Less known is the fact that the two sides negotiated prisoner exchanges virtually since the beginning of the war. Under extraordinary circumstances, these early contacts evolved into a formal exchange agreement, centered on the creation of a neutral zone—quite possibly the only such area in occupied Europe—where prisoners were regularly exchanged until late April 1945, saving thousands of lives. The leadership of both sides used the contacts for secret political talks, for which they were nearly branded as traitors by their superiors in Berlin and Moscow. This book is the first comprehensive analysis of prisoner exchanges and the accompanying contacts between the German occupation authorities and the Yugoslav Partisans. Specifically, the book will argue that prisoner exchange had a decisive influence on the POW policies of both sides and helped reduce the levels of violence for which this theater of war became infamous. It will also show that the contacts, contrary to some claims, did not lead to collusion between these two parties against either other Yugoslav factions or the Western Allies.

Repressed, Remitted, Rejected

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Heinz Roth ◽  
Hartmut Rübner
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Scholarly Discourse ◽  
Second World

Since unification, the Federal Republic of Germany has carried out vaunted efforts to make amends for the crimes of the Third Reich. Yet it remains the case that the demands for restitution by many countries that were occupied during the Second World War are unresolved, and recent demands from Greece and Poland have only reignited old debates. This book reconstructs the German occupation of Poland and Greece and gives a thorough accounting of these debates. Working from the perspective of international law, it deepens the scholarly discourse around the issue, clarifying the ‘never-ending story’ of German reparations policy and making a principled call for further action.

scholarly journals Kraków jako stolica Generalnego Gubernatorstwa. Wpływ stołeczności na życie miasta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Drozdowski
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Government ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The City

Aim of the article is to analyze a specific situation of Krakow during the Nazi-German occupation, when the city played a role of a capital of the General Government. The city functioned under a typical occupation regime, however, at the same time it was a seat of the authorities. As a result thousands of German functionaries and their families settled in Krakow. It had significant impact on many aspects of functioning of Krakow, ranging from social and housing issues, through architecture, economy, methods of extermination of the Jewish population and finally organization of the Polish underground. A separate issue discussed in the article are the Nazi propaganda campaigns conducted mainly in Krakow. Due to limitations, all these issues are presented in a general way, nevertheless giving a picture of specificity of Krakow’s war experience. Author indicates that the fate of the city is not typical for the Polish lands occupied by the Third Reich. Contradictory to the other places, Krakow was not only a city that was conquered and controlled, but we can see it as a beginning of a new, colonial, Nazi order in the Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Reports on the financial results of the Holocaust. Example of Operation “Reinhardt”

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Turzyński
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nazi Ideology ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Third Reich

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to examine the accounting discourse, including the accounting language, used in financial reports from the Holocaust process on the example of Operation Reinhardt. Methodology/approach: Archival research was carried out. The approach to discourse analysis based on Foucault’s social theory was used. Findings: The language of the reports on the financial results of the Holocaust was adapted to the needs of the recipients of the information contained in these reports. Accounting discourse, including the language of the reports, was determined by the Nazi ideology. The issues of maintaining the secrecy of the looting carried out, the control and settlement functions of accounting, and the requirement of maintaining credibility were highlighted. The research on the language of accounting used in the reports on the financial results of the Holocaust shows that the dominant Nazi discourse shaped the content of the state-ments and reports, making the accounting practice consistent with the priorities of the Third Reich. Research limitations/implications: A limited amount of archival material has been preserved; hence the study covered a small number of reports on the financial results of the Holocaust. Originality/Value: The article contributes to research on the use of accounting for ideo-logical purposes. It is the first presentation of the problem of the influence of the Nazi dis-course on the language of reports on the financial results of the Holocaust.

scholarly journals “The Nordic concept” in relation to the arts. Politics and exhibition policy in the Third Reich

1970 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Hanna Pirinen
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
Art Exhibition ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
German Art ◽  
The Third Reich

Nazi Germany used official cultural cooperation for ideological propaganda purposes. Germany did not enter into any distinct cultural agreements with the Nordic countries, but cooperated in separate projects such as art exhibitions. This article focuses on an exhibition of Finnish art organized in Germany in 1935 and on an exhibition of German art correspondingly organized in Finland in 1936. The article discusses the compilation of an exhibition as a statement of opinion. Compiling an exhibition is always a matter of making choices: decisions have to be made on the theme of the exhibition, any larger entity it is to be linked with, what should be included and what should be left out. An exhibition always represents something; it can thus never be non-aligned or ‘innocent’. An art exhibition that forms part of cultural cooperation organized by a totalitarian system is an example of an enforced display of ideology. 

Slovakia' Internal Policy and the Third Reich, August 1940–February 1941

1971 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-270
Author(s):  
Yeshayahu Jelínek
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Line ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Way

The Slovak State was the first satellite of the Third Reich. It came into existence on March 14, 1939, preceding by one day the German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia. Berlin regarded independent Slovakia as die Visitenkarte Deutschlands almost from the beginning. Therefore the way the Nazis treated this tiny state could indicate their general line toward other clients in southeastern Europe, and perhaps also on the rest of the Continent.

The Snake on the Caduceus: Dimensions of Medical and Psychiatric Responsibility in the Third Reich

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Hunter
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nazi Ideology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Medical Vision ◽  
To Receive

The literature on the activities of medical professionals during the tumultuous years of the Third Reich has, over the last decade, increased substantially. However, many questions remain unanswered and the subject is likely to receive further attention following recent access to previously restricted archival material in Eastern Europe. In this paper, based on the English language literature, the author explores the role of medicine, and in particular psychiatry, in defining the bio-medical vision that was central to Nazi ideology.

The Language of Ideology: Lingual Manipulation of Readers in German Literature of the Third Reich

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Michael Press
Keyword(s):  
German Literature ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Historical Argument ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Post War ◽  
German People

In recognizing more than just hyperbole in their critical studies of National Socialist language, post-war philologists Viktor Klemperer (1946) and Eugen Seidel (1961) credit persuasive words and syntax with the expansion of Hitler's ideology among the German people. This popular explanation is being revisited by contemporary philologists, however, as new historical argument holds the functioning of the Third Reich to be anything but monolithic. An emerging scholarly consensus on the presence of more chaos than coherence in Nazi discourse suggests a new imperative for research. After reviewing the foundational works of Mein Kampf (1925) and Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930), the author confirms Klemperer and Seidel’s claim for linguistic manipulation in the rise of the National Socialist Party. Most importantly, this article provides a detailed explanation of how party leaders employed rhetorical language to promote fascist ideology without an underlying basis of logical argumentation.

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