Children's trust in the testimony of physically disabled or obese individuals

10.32920/ryerson.14658168 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Jaffer

Keyword(s):

Physical Condition ◽

Obese Individual ◽

Significant Preference ◽

Physically Disabled ◽

Negative Perceptions

Previous research has examined various factors that influence children’s trust in testimony. However, no studies have yet looked at children’s willingness to trust physically disabled or obese individuals. Evidence shows that children’s perception of the physically disabled may be both positive and negative, whereas their perception of overweight individuals is negative. Given these attitudes, Study 1 examined the possibility that children may place less trust in these individuals and their testimony. Four- and 5-year-old children were asked to endorse the testimony of one speaker (physically abled and non-obese vs physically disabled/obese) when conflicting testimony was provided. The results showed that children favoured the testimony of the physically abled and non-obese individual at a level significantly above chance. In Study 2, physical condition was pitted against past reliability, and 4- and 5-year-olds were asked to choose between a previously unreliable physically abled and non-obese individual or a previously reliable physically disabled or obese individual. The results indicated that overall children did not show a significant preference for one individual over another. In line with previous findings on children’s negative perceptions of physically disabled and obese individuals, children place less trust in their testimony, and past reliability might cancel out this effect.

Download Full-text

Inhibition of Aggression against the Physically Disabled

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1973.36.1.255 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 255-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lynn Levitt ◽

Wayne Viney

Keyword(s):

Electric Shock ◽

Physical Condition ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Normal Person ◽

Target Sequence ◽

Physically Disabled

Female Ss ostensibly delivered electric shock to 2 successive targets who were perceived in one condition as normal and in another as physically disabled. The sequence of targets included a normal person followed by a disabled one and a disabled person followed by a normal one. Each sequence included all combinations of sex-target sequence. Administrator Ss delivered significantly more shock to normal than to disabled targets. The sequence disabled-normal, yielded significantly higher shock levels than the sequence, normal-disabled. The sex-sequence did not yield significant differences. A significant interaction between physical condition of target and physical condition sequence was characterized by large increases in shock delivered to normal targets when such targets were preceded by disabled targets. This displacement was explained by extension of the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Download Full-text

AID TO PHYSICALLY DISABLED

Journal of the American Medical Association ◽

10.1001/jama.1944.02850330040011 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 125 (15) ◽

pp. 1042

Keyword(s):

Physically Disabled

Download Full-text

Case Studies in Dementia-Related Anxiety

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000243 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Molly Maxfield ◽

Jennifer R. Roberts ◽

JoAnna Dieker

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Social Withdrawal ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Neurocognitive Disorder ◽

High Genetic Risk ◽

Disease Case ◽

Negative Perceptions

Abstract. Two clients seeking neuropsychological assessment reported anxiety about their cognitive status. We review the cases to increase our understanding of factors contributing to dementia-related anxiety. Case 1 met the criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder; the client’s memory was impaired, and she had a high genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The client reported anxiety about negative perceptions of quality of life among individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Case 2 did not meet the criteria for a neurocognitive disorder. Anxiety about this client’s cognitive status appeared attributable to generalized anxiety disorder, given his anxiety about diverse topics. Both clients reported embarrassment about forgetfulness and social withdrawal. Dementia-related anxiety is believed to be relatively common, to exist on a continuum, to have unique social implications, and to stem from various sources, necessitating differing interventions.

Download Full-text

The Negative Consequences of Stuttering for Perceptions of Leadership Ability

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000336 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽

Avi Besser ◽

Yuval Besser

Keyword(s):

Self Esteem ◽

Negative Association ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Community Members ◽

Perceived Leadership ◽

Negative Perceptions ◽

Low Levels ◽

Perceptions Of Leadership

Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to extend previous research concerning the negative perceptions of stuttering by considering the perceived leadership ability of targets who stuttered compared with targets who did not stutter. We were also interested in the possibility that negative perceptions of the targets (i.e., low levels of self-esteem, intelligence, dominance-based status motivation, and prestige-based status motivation) would mediate the association between stuttering and a lack of perceived leadership ability as well as the possibility that manipulating the ostensible self-esteem level of the target would further moderate these associations. The results for 838 Israeli community members revealed a negative association between stuttering and perceived leadership ability that was mediated by the perceived self-esteem level and dominance-based status motivation of the target. Further, the associations between stuttering and perceptions of leadership ability were moderated by the ostensible self-esteem level of the target. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for understanding the negative halo that surrounds stuttering.

Download Full-text