scholarly journals Agrobiodiversity and Natural Resource Management in Traditional Agricultural Systems of Northeast India

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Wishfully Mylliemngap
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East

North-East India, which falls under the Indian Eastern Himalayan region and forms part of two global biodiversity hotspots, is well-known for its rich diversity of flora, fauna, cultures and traditional knowledge systems. Agriculture is the main occupation of the communities living in this region supplemented by utilization of wild useful species from the nearby forests. Traditional agriculture in North-East India follows mixed cropping pattern through multi-cropping, crop rotation, use of multipurpose nitrogen (N)-fixing trees, along with protection of semi-domesticated and wild biodiversity, including medicinal plants, wild edible fruits and vegetables, fodder plants and other useful species. Presently, there has been a gradual shifting from subsistence cultivation to commercial agriculture driven by market forces and modernization, leading to transition from traditional to intensive agriculture and monoculture of cash crops. This has resulted in reduced cultivation of local crop varieties and disappearance of the associated traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Therefore, the present study attempts to review the contribution of traditional agricultural practices to agrobiodiversity conservation and sustainable natural resource management. Relevant traditional practices such as shifting (Jhum) cultivation systems, bamboo-drip irrigation, paddy-cum-fish cultivation, traditional agroforestry systems of different Indigenous communities residing in different states of North-East India were mentioned in this review. It is undeniable that TEK was developed by communities through many centuries by trial-and-error methods to conform to the local climate, topography, ecology and socio-cultural relevance to the concerned Indigenous communities. This knowledge, therefore, has a great scope for improvement by integration with scientific knowledge for transforming into sustainable agricultural systems in the face of climate change adaptation and mitigation of the vulnerable mountain communities of the Himalayan region.

Satellite Remote Sensing and the Management of Natural Resources

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Pettorelli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Postgraduate Students

This book intends to familiarise prospective users in the environmental community with satellite remote sensing technology and its applications, introducing terminology and principles behind satellite remote sensing data and analyses. It provides a detailed overview of the possible applications of satellite data in natural resource management, demonstrating how ecological knowledge and satellite-based information can be effectively combined to address a wide array of current natural resource management needs. Topics considered include the use of satellite data to monitor the various dimensions of biodiversity; the use of this technology to track pressures on biodiversity such as invasive species, pollution, and illegal fishing; the utility of satellite remote sensing to inform the management of protected areas, translocation, and habitat restoration; and the contribution of satellite remote sensing towards the monitoring of ecosystem services and wellbeing. The intended audience is ecologists and environmental scientists; the book is targeted as a handbook and is therefore also suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in the biological and ecological sciences, as well as policy makers and specialists in the fields of conservation biology, biodiversity monitoring, and natural resource management. The book assumes no prior technical knowledge of satellite remote sensing systems and products. It is written so as to generate interest in the ecological, environmental management, and remote sensing communities, highlighting issues associated with the emergence of truly synergistic approaches between these disciplines.

scholarly journals Values Mapping with Latino Forest Users: Contributing to the Dialogue on Multiple Land Use Conflict Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Kelly Biedenweg ◽  
Lee Cerveny ◽  
Rebecca McLain
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Resource Ownership ◽  
Forest Users ◽  
Management Priorities

Values mapping that represents how humans associate with natural environments is useful for several purposes, including recognizing and addressing different perceptions of natural resource ownership and management priorities, documenting traditional ecological knowledge, and spatially identifying the public's perception of economic and non-economic services provided by natural resources (McLain et al. 2013). The majority of this work has been conducted in developing countries and with disenfranchised communities, where participatory mapping associated with natural resource management is more widely practiced. As access to GIS technology has expanded, however, several projects have tested the benefits of values mapping for natural resource management decisions in industrialized countries (e.g., Brown 2005; Klain and Chan 2012). This article discusses one such effort: the use of spatial values mapping to incorporate the concerns of Latino forest users into federal and state policies on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington State.

scholarly journals Economic value of ecological information in ecosystem-based natural resource management depends on exploitation history

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1658-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Essington ◽  
James N. Sanchirico ◽  
Marissa L. Baskett
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge

Ecosystem approaches to natural resource management are seen as a way to provide better outcomes for ecosystems and for people, yet the nature and strength of interactions among ecosystem components is usually unknown. Here we characterize the economic benefits of ecological knowledge through a simple model of fisheries that target a predator (piscivore) and its prey. We solve for the management (harvest) trajectory that maximizes net present value (NPV) for different ecological interactions and initial conditions that represent different levels of exploitation history. Optimal management trajectories generally approached similar harvest levels, but the pathways toward those levels varied considerably by ecological scenario. Application of the wrong harvest trajectory, which would happen if one type of ecological interaction were assumed but in fact another were occurring, generally led to only modest reductions in NPV. However, the risks were not equal across fleets: risks of incurring large losses of NPV and missing management targets were much higher in the fishery targeting piscivores, especially when piscivores were heavily depleted. Our findings suggest that the ecosystem approach might provide the greatest benefits when used to identify system states where management performs poorly with imperfect knowledge of system linkages so that management strategies can be adopted to avoid those states.

scholarly journals A Tale of Two Kewangs: A comparative study of traditional institutions and their effect on conservation in Maluku

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Karno Batiran ◽  
Ishak Salim
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Traditional Institution ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
Historically Situated

This study explains how kewang, a traditional institution that deals with social affairs and natural resource management, maintains traditional ecological knowledge and practices in Maluku. This study focuses on two comparative villages (negeri): Haruku and South Buano. The study adopts a historically situated new institutionalism approach to analyzing the dynamic developments of kewang and how it affects community members in the context of conservation and natural resource management of the petuanan customary areas of the two negeri. By examining institutional change including history, ideology, organization and authority of kewang with other institutional forms such as soa, government, church, and NGOs the study shows the path-dependence of the two respective kewangs. In Haruku, the kewang has long stayed intact because the institution is still practiced as a cultural principle, maintaining itself through the tradition-based leadership succession mechanisms and by continuing to carry out its functions, as well as pursuing innovations within kewang education for future generations. In South Buano however, due to the long absence of a kewang, efforts at revival show the strong influence of rational choice thinking principles, dependent on the formal authority of the negeri government. The study concludes that historical junctures shape the role and authority of kewangs in performing natural resource functions, and which can have longnstanding generational impacts on conservation possibilities. Meanwhile, kewang also rely on both its continued endogenous acceptance among local community members, and depend on its relations with other key institutions in society.  

Indigenous ecological knowledge and natural resource management in the cultural landscape of China’s Hani Terraces

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanmei Jiao ◽  
Xiuzhen Li ◽  
Luohui Liang ◽  
Kazuhiko Takeuchi ◽  
Toshiya Okuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Ecological Knowledge

scholarly journals Participatory Mapping as a Didactic and Auxiliary Tool for Learning Community Integration, Technology Transference, and Natural Resource Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Ricardo Eaton-González ◽  
Jorge Andrade-Sánchez ◽  
Tatiana Montaño-Soto ◽  
Paola Andrade-Tafoya ◽  
Diana Brito-Jaime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Participatory Mapping

Participatory mapping is a tool for community work linked to natural resource management. It is an auxiliary for diagnosis and data acquisition from communities and their natural resources. In Baja California, there are several indigenous communities, some close to urban areas but still unknown to most people in cities as well as visitors. These communities are fighting to restore and maintain their language, tradition, territory, biological, and cultural diversity. This work was carried out by linking members of the indigenous community of San Jose de la Zorra with bachelor’s and graduate degree students, to obtain information on the biological, cultural, and economic activities of the community through participatory mapping. The learning experience was significant for all participants; although it was not the intention in this study, students had the unique opportunity to exchange information and learn culture and biodiversity from indigenous people. The indigenous community was involved in field data acquisition and the use of some information and communication technology resources developed for this approach, and used it for natural resource management and decision making. The main results of this experience were wide format printed maps that were placed on several sites inside and outside the community, digital mapping that gave information about natural, cultural, and economic resources of the community for local and foreign visitors, and technology transference to solve problems identified by the community.

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