DAMPAK AKSES TERHADAP SUMBER DAYA ALAM PADA KEMISKINAN DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN

Sosio Informa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa'diyah El Adawiyah ◽  
Agus Hermanto ◽  
Wichita Yasya ◽  
Rina Kristanti ◽  
Marlin Chrisye
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Common Property

Akses terhadap sumber daya alam dianggap berhubungan dengan tingkat kemiskinan dan ketahanan pangan suatu komunitas masyarakat. Akses terhadap sumber daya alam khususnya yang bersifat milik bersama dan terbuka (common property and open access) seperti perairan, hutan dan perikanan, semakin semakin terancam karena pertumbuhan populasi yang tinggi meningkatkan permintaan terhadap sumber daya tersebut sehingga timbul kelangkaan. Metode penelitian kualitatif melalui literature Sehingga formula pengentasan kemiskinanpun tidak bisa digeneralisir pada semua wilayah atau semua sektor. Kemiskinan yang dialami oleh nelayan tidak bisa disamakan dengan ukuran kemiskinan buruh di perkotaan. Bahkan dalam suatu di kabupaten yang sama belum tentu bisa diratakan ukuranya pada desa-desa pesisir yang ada. Program pengentasan kemiskinan nelayan membutuhkan strategi khusus yang mampu menjawab realitas yang terjadi hari ini. Selain itu, peranan hukum juga menjadi sangat penting untuk mensejahterakan para nelayan.

Federal–Provincial Strategic Planning for Ontario Fisheries: Management Strategy for the 1980s

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Loftus ◽  
M. G. Johnson ◽  
H. A. Regier
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Knowledge

A new management strategy for Ontario fisheries was addressed by a federal–provincial task force in 1974–76. It was initiated in an atmosphere of concern over the deteriorating status of fish stocks in Ontario, and indeed elsewhere in Canada. The task force published interim documents on "Goals and Issues," on "Mandates," and on "Objectives." These received limited distribution for criticism. This report summarizes the proposed "Strategy." Speaking generally, it has become abundantly clear that our traditional approach to fisheries management — development-oriented, exploitive, open access — is no longer appropriate in the 1970s and 1980s. That approach, together with the accelerating impacts of land and water uses that conflict with fisheries, has resulted in serious losses in our resource base, particularly during the past two or three decades. A new approach to fisheries management, characterized generally by maintenance in the north and by rehabilitation in the south is now essential. Much of the scientific and technical knowledge needed for the new approach is already available. To apply that knowledge, and to achieve the new knowledge and current data series necessary to its application, a major new initiative is necessary. That initiative, though costly in comparison to past levels of expenditure, seems easily justified in terms of the current economic value of the resources. Furthermore, additional values attributable to fisheries resources are now gaining wide acceptance; e.g. healthy fish communities are indicators of healthy aquatic environments. The new initiative will require more than just funding. It will require the evolution of different value systems, and of new and/or more explicit policies regarding— a new level of public participation;— a "user pays" policy in place of the free access philosophy of the past — to meet some of the increased cost of managing the resource;— more limited access and increased emphasis on protection in place of the open access, common property approach of the past;— explicit recognition that "experimental management" is needed to gain the new knowledge necessary to manage;— recognition that management of fisheries requires greater attention to environmental quality matters;— explicit allocation of those parts of the resource base available for commercial and for recreational use;— new working arrangements between fisheries agencies and other institutions.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Individual Property Rights in Massachusetts Agriculture, 17th–19th Centuries

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry C. Field
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Institutional Adaptation ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Economic Studies

Economic studies of changes in property rights institutions have been hampered by the use of ideal types. Conceptually we usually identify a small number of discrete property rights regimes, e.g., “open-access,” “common property” and “private property,” and then try to comprehend our data in terms of these categories. But in the so-called real world ideal types are seldom encountered. Instead we usually see complex mixtures of assorted arrangements, all growing or declining or mixing or separating at different rates and in different directions. Models containing nothing but ideal-type concepts are ill-suited to the analysis of such a reality. In this paper I want to examine a case of institutional change where one institutional regime was transformed into another; not by a discrete jump from one system to another, but through a gradual process of institutional adaptation and transition.

Towards a Predictive Model for the Economic Regulation of Commercial Fisheries

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Common Property Resource ◽  
Limited Entry ◽  
The Common

A model of the commercial fishery, incorporating the microeconomic decisions of individual vessel operation, is developed and employed to predict the consequences of various methods of regulation, including: (i) total catch quotas; (ii) vessel licenses; (iii) taxes on catch (or effort); (iv) allocated catch (or effort) quotas. Among the principal predictions of the analysis are: (a) total catch quotas do not improve the economic performance of an open-access fishery; (b) limited entry results in distortion of inputs unless every input is controlled; (c) taxes and allocated transferable catch quotas are theoretically equivalent to one another in terms of economic efficiency, and both are capable in principle of optimizing exploitation of the common-property fishery.Key words: economics, fishery regulation, management, quotas, licenses, taxes, fishermen's quotas, common-property resource

scholarly journals The Different Meanings of Land in the Age of Neoliberalism: Theoretical Reflections on Commons and Resilience Grabbing from a Social Anthropological Perspective

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haller
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Land Acquisitions ◽  
The Commons

Recent debates in social anthropology on land acquisitions highlight the need to go further back in history in order to analyse their impacts on local livelihoods. The debate over the commons in economic and ecological anthropology helps us understand some of today’s dynamics by looking at precolonial common property institutions and the way they were transformed by Western colonization to state property and then, later in the age of neoliberalism, to privatization and open access. This paper focuses on Africa and refers to the work of critical scholars who show that traditional land tenure was misinterpreted as customary tenure without full property rights, while a broader literature on the commons shows that common-pool resources (pasture, fisheries, wildlife, forestry etc.) have been effectively managed by locally-developed common property institutions. This misinterpretation continues to function as a legacy in both juridical and popular senses. Moreover, the transformation of political systems and the notion of customary land tenure produced effects of central importance for today’s investment context. During colonial times a policy of indirect rule based on new elites was created to manage customary lands of so-called native groups who could use the land as long as it was of no value to the state. However, this land formally remained in the hands of the state, which also claimed to manage common-pool resources through state institutions. The neoliberal policies that are now demanded by donor agencies have had two consequences for land and land-related common-pool resources. On the one hand, states often lack the financial means to enforce their own natural resource legislation and this has led to de facto open access. On the other hand, land legally fragmented from its common-pool resources has been transformed from state to private property. This has enabled new elites and foreign investors to claim private property on formerly commonly-held land, which also leads to the loss of access to land related common-pool resources for more marginal local actors. Thus, the paper argues that this process does not just lead to land grabbing but to commons grabbing as well. This has furthermore undermined the resilience and adaptive capacity of local populations because access to common-pool resources is vital for the livelihoods of more marginal groups, especially in times of crisis. Comparative studies undertaken on floodplains in Botswana, Cameroon, Mali, Tanzania and Zambia based on a New Institutional Political Ecology (NIPE) approach illustrate this process and its impacts and show how institutional transformations are key to understanding the impacts of large-scale land acquisitions (LSLA) and investments in Africa.

scholarly journals Open access, common property and scarcity rent in fisheries

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Bulte ◽  
Henk Folmer ◽  
Wim Heijman
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Scarcity Rent
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