scholarly journals Administration Of Justice Under The Shariah, Common Law And Civil Law System: Towards A Better Understanding

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashood A. Baderin
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Law System ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Effective Administration ◽  
Substantive Justice ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civil Law System ◽  
Do So

There is today a general perception that the traditional differences between the Common Law and Civil Law systems have shrunk greatly and that both, being secular “Western” systems, should be able to accommodate one another and impact on one another easily and positively. It is the Shar_‘ah system, being based on divine law, that is often perceived as being radically different and possibly not having anything in common with either the Common Law or the Civil Law systems respectively. Our analysis of administration of justice in this paper however demonstrates that the jurisprudence of the three legal systems have evolved along similar lines and that under each of the systems the relevant theories and principles of administration of justice have been  influenced by reasonableness and expediency which gives room for the necessary flexibility to ensure the realisation of substantive justice under each one of the three legal systems, if there is the political and judicial will to do so on the part of the ruling authority, the judiciary and other relevant institutions of administration of justice respectively. In view of the continuing interaction between the three legal systems in different countries of the world today, there is a need to continue promoting a better understanding of the systems to enhance an effective administration of justice across the legal systems globally.

Canada—Nova Scotia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Ruck Keene ◽  
QC Alison Scott Butler
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Canadian Charter ◽  
Law System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civil Law System

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces, including Nova Scotia (‘NS’), and three territories. The common law applies in Canada, with the exception of the province of Quebec, which uses a civil law system. There is a federal government; as a province, NS also exercises constitutional powers in its own right. Federal legislation includes provisions relating to adults within the scope of this work. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms also guarantees certain political rights to Canadians and civil rights to everyone in Canada, and contains rights that impact upon capacity law.

Canada—Alberta

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire van Overdijk ◽  
Barb Martini
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Canadian Charter ◽  
Law System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civil Law System

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces, including Alberta, and three territories. The common law applies in Canada, with the exception of the province of Quebec, which uses a civil law system. While there is a Federal Government, Alberta, as a province, also exercises constitutional powers in its own right. Federal legislation includes provisions relating to adults within the scope of this work. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms also guarantees certain political rights to Canadians and civil rights to everyone in Canada, and contains rights that impact upon capacity law.

scholarly journals THE ISSUE OF VARIANCE IN TRANSLATION OF TERMS IN THE FIELD OF CRIMINALISTICS AND FORENSIC EXAMINATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-215
Author(s):  
T. Kryvak
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Law System ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Civil Law System

The article deals with the features of translation of terms in the field of criminalistics and forensic examination and the issue of variance that arises in the process of translation. It is noted that variance in the translation of terms in the field of criminalistics and forensic examination is both a positive and a negative phenomenon. However, the emergence of variance, as practice shows, is a prerequisite for the acquisition of an exact and unambiguous equivalent in language, depending on the context. The article indicates that the translation of terminology in the field of criminalistics is of particular interest, since the language of law, as a language of professional communication, has a vivid national specificity, due to the legal realities of national legal systems. Therefore, in the case of translations from English into Ukrainian and from Ukrainian into English, one should take into account the difference between the common law system, which is applied in English-speaking countries, and the civil law system, which also includes the Ukrainian legal system. The lexical transformations that are used when translating terms are analyzed and the need to achieve the effect of meaningful and contextual identity when translating terms is determined. It is concluded that as criminalistics and forensic examination develop, there is a rethinking and transformation of existing terminological units. Moreover, international cooperation has a beneficial effect on the work of not only terminologists, but also criminologists and forensic experts, since the unification of terminology facilitates communication between specialists. Terminology serves as the basic conceptual apparatus for any field of knowledge, and forensic science is no exception.

Challenges in Applying IFRS in a Civil Law Tradition

2015 ◽  
pp. 126-147
Author(s):  
Edison Carlos Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Law System ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
The Common ◽  
Accounting Terms ◽  
Civil Law System

As part of the Common Law, IFRS represents a significant cultural change in Brazil, a Civil Law country, for both accounting and law. In 2010 (the first adoption of IFRS), Brazilian accounting legislation fully adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as its standard for accounting practices. Accordingly, its adoption by Brazil represents a challenge, since it is a significant cultural change, because of its insertion into a Civil Law system country. First of all, in accounting terms, this chapter comments how the specific rules were changed by principles with a big importance for the administration judgments, in this way, the managers' subjectivity. Additionally, considering that in a Civil Law system, especially in Brazil, this chapter presents that there are many shareholders' rights in the stricto sensu law, the legal impacts of the financial statements must be analyzed, including the manager's responsibility.

Sejarah dan Perkembangan Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesti Widya Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Law System ◽  
Vicarious Liability ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civil Law System

Corporate criminal responsibility has a difference in its development between countries with the common law system and those with civil law system. This is also, no exception in Indonesia. Indonesia as a Dutch Colony, which adheres to the civil law system which carries the adagium "deliquere non potest university," where corporations cannot be convicted. By using a normative approach, this article discusses about corporation as subject of criminal law which regulated outside the Criminal Code (KUHP). In Pratice, there have been several cases that punish corporations who commit criminal acts such as corruption. The finding of this article is court in Indonesia, especially corruption court are more likely to use the doctrine of vicarious liability as in common law countries. Contrary, with the conception in the Draft Criminal Code (RKUHP) that is more likely to use identification doctrine on corporate responsibility.

Justification of Acquisitive Prescription in the Civil Law System. Why is It Not an “Uncompensated Deprivation?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Silvana Dode
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Law System ◽  
European Court ◽  
The World ◽  
Adverse Possession ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civil Law System

Acquisitive prescription (a civil law institute) and Adverse Possession, its equivalent in the common law system is alreadya consolidated private law institute. It is recognised from the legal systems of almost each country in the world and is among the most important original ways of gaining ownership.Its constitutionality and the fact that should it be recognized from a legal system or not was brought in question in 2002, sparking a debate between lawyers in the world. The debate rose after the announcement of the decision of the ECHR (European. Court of Human Rights) in the case JA Pye ( Oxford) Ltd vs Graham. The Fourth Chamber of the ECHR held that acquisitive prescription is actually an 'uncompensated deprivation. First, we will analyze the main theories on the basis of which this institute is justified. The question to be raised for the review of the article is whether prescription is morally and legally justified, especially in the case of prescription in bad faith. In the end, it will be reached the conclusion that there are justified reasons for the prescription and it is a very useful institution inthe civil circulation. But preliminary stricter legal criteria must be met for the recognition of the property right by prescription, especially in the case of bad faith prescription. The law should aim to provide a greater protection to the legitimate owner.

scholarly journals Attribution of Liability among Multiple Tortfeasors under Negligence Law: Causation in Iran and England

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Elyas Noee ◽  
Mohammad Noee ◽  
Azadeh Mehrpouyan
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Law System ◽  
Common Law System ◽  
Negligence Law ◽  
Civil Law System

“Causation” possesses a considerable place in tort law of Iran and England particularly in the field of Negligence law. Existing differences in legal systems of Iran (as a Civil Law system) and England (as a Common Law system) make find a common perspective difficult to study causation but possible. This research focuses to compare causation in cases where more than one tortfeasors is involved in inflicting damage by negligence. This study also attempts to recognize differences and similarities between Iran and England in order to resolve ambiguities in Iran legal system through England legal system. The study was conducted in three sections including tortfeasors’ indenpendancy, tortfeasors’ contribution, and tortfeasors’ separate impact. This paper reports respectively: in case of tortfeasor independency, Iran law admits jointly and severally liability while England law offers a variety of approaches in various cases; in case of tortfeasors’ contribution, each tortfeasor is liable according to its effect on causing damage with few exceptions; and in case of tortfeasors’ separate impact, per tortfeasor is liable for inflicted damage which is only from oneself side. The results show England law can be considered to filling legal gap of Iran law regarding present identified differences and similarities.

scholarly journals Formulasi Pengaturan Tahapan Pra Kontrak dalam Proses Pembentukan Kontrak di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Bebeto Ardyo
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Law System ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Contract Formation ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Times ◽  
Civil Law System

The increasement of human needs in society goes hand in hand with the development of technology. To meet these needs, there must be interaction between people which sometimes has the potential to cause disputes. That’s why a contract is needed. The existence of a contract guarantees legal certainty regarding protection of the rights of the parties and also the obligations that they must fulfill. There are several stages of contract formation which consist of pre-contract and agreement between the parties. According to the system in the Book III of Indonesia’s Code of Civil Law, consensus is the base for the formation of contract that means once the agreement has reached between the parties then a contract is formed. Indonesia’s Code of Civil Law doesn’t yet regulate pre-contract stages of contract formation, even though these stages are equally important. The regulation of pre-contract stages are usually set in the common law system, but along with the times, the regulation of pre-contract stages should also be regulated in the civil law system. As a comparison, Het Nieuw Burgerlijke Wetboek (New Civil Code of Netherlands) has already regulated that pre-contract stages, although the Netherlands is a country that implements civil law system. The pre-contract stages are very important to be regulated in Indonesia because there are many potential pre-contractual issues. This paper aims to formulate the outline of what needs to be regulated in the pre-contract regulations. Keywords : Interaction, Contract, Formation, Civil Code  

Canada—Saskatchewan

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ward ◽  
Kruzeniski Ron
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Federal Legislation ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Canadian Charter ◽  
Law System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civil Law System

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces, including Saskatchewan, and three territories. The common law applies in Canada, with the exception of the province of Quebec, which uses a civil law system. There is a federal government; as a province, Saskatchewan also exercises constitutional powers in its own right. Federal legislation includes provisions relating to adults within the scope of this work. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms also guarantees certain political rights to Canadians and civil rights to everyone in Canada and contains rights that impact upon capacity law.

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