scholarly journals Evocation of DNA from the Blood Sample Mixed with Road Concrete- A Forensic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Biological Sample ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Str Analysis ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Soil Particles

Several types of biological samples are recovered in different conditions in various types of crimes. Sometimes, due to mishandling of the evidence they do not produce good results. Blood is a common type of biological sample found at crime scene involving hitand-run, murder and various sexual assaults, etc. In the cases such as hit and run, the blood gets mixed up with the soil and act as resistance in obtaining proper DNA profiling of a victim or a suspect. The advanced technologies for DNA profiling like STR analysis help in the identification of a criminal even if there is not much quantity of biological sample from the crime scene. But non-scientific procedure of blood collection and preservation reduces the chances of amplification of DNA. Additionally, in many outdoor cases blood sample contaminated with soil becomes problematic because of the presence of humic acid in soil. Humic acid inhibits the amplification of DNA and leads to unsuccessful profiling of DNA. The inhibitors in the samples act as obstacle in the cases where blood is lifted from the surface of earth and lead to the unsuccessful DNA analysis. PCR artifacts like partial profiles, multi-peaks, or complete failure of DNA profile can be seen in STR profiles obtained from contaminated samples. In this study, we reviewed the blood samples recovered from different surfaces (wall of plaster, cemented floor pieces, black road concrete) over a period of 5 to 36 months. This study concludes that the sample containing less soil particles yield DNA higher than the samples containing high amount of soil particles.

scholarly journals Source Level Attribution: DNA Profiling from the ABAcard® HemaTrace® Kit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-129
Author(s):  
Louise Wallis ◽  
Catherine Hitchcock ◽  
Dennis McNevin ◽  
Jennifer Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Biological Source ◽  
Source Level ◽  
Dna Profiles

ABAcard® HemaTrace® kits have been used for crime scene stains for confirmation of human blood for many years. However, when the stain is too small to allow for separate testing, confirmatory testing may be forgone to preference DNA analysis. This can lead to court challenges as to the biological source and therefore probative value of the DNA profile. This research aimed to develop a protocol for DNA analysis of a minute blood stain subsequent to HemaTrace® testing. Stains were collected and subjected to HemaTrace® testing. Swabs were then removed from the HemaTrace® buffer solution and processed. DNA yields and STR DNA profiles were analysed for both quantity and quality. Full profiles were reliably obtained from stains with diameters of 0.6 mm–0.7 mm, reflecting DNA concentrations between 0.0036 ng/μL and 0.007 ng/μL, varying according to substrate characteristics. However, stains below a diameter of 0.6 mm should proceed directly for DNA profiling. This protocol was also successfully performed on blood stains which had undergone UV irradiation, although use of the reporting peak height threshold (lower than the routine analytical threshold) was required to obtain useable profiles. We have been able to demonstrate a protocol which, with minor adjustments to crime scene procedures, allows for both the confirmation of the presence of human blood, together with the generation of useful DNA profiles.

scholarly journals Empirical approaches to improving the use of DNA in crime scene investigative practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Paul A Smith ◽  
Simon Mound ◽  
Natasha Brown ◽  
Roxy Leonard ◽  
Carolyn Lovell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Forensic Service ◽  
Collaborative Team ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Crime Scenes

This article reports on a collaborative project that explored the targeted use of swabbing evidence sources which, up until now, have not been routinely recovered or utilised for DNA analysis. All genres of the forensic portfolio have undergone significant changes driven by economic, political and technological influencers, which have resulted in an array of interpretations on its frontline delivery, often based on local requirements. The approach reported here pertains to a research project bringing together a collaborative team of researchers, representing practitioners and academics, working in conjunction with forensic service providers. The project reviewed the process of swabbing glove marks at crime scenes, comparing the methods used with DNA profiling outcomes. The findings showed significant benefits in regards to DNA outcomes, providing six detections over a four-month period that were attributable to the swabbing of the glove marks. Furthermore, the study provided key data to guide practice and crime scene methods to meet new operational requirements.

scholarly journals Innocent until proven guilty: Privacy-preserving search over a central CODIS criminal database from the field

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Blindenbach ◽  
Karthik A. Jagadeesh ◽  
Gill Bejerano ◽  
David J. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dna Index ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithm ◽  
Forensic Samples ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Database Match

AbstractThe presumption of innocence (i.e., the principle that one is considered innocent until proven guilty) is a cornerstone of the criminal justice system in many countries, including the United States. DNA analysis is an important tool for criminal investigations1. In the U.S. alone, it has already aided in over half a million investigations using the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and associated DNA databases2. CODIS includes DNA profiles of crime scene forensic samples, convicted offenders, missing persons and more. The CODIS framework is currently used by over 50 other countries3 including much of Europe, Canada, China and more. During investigations, DNA samples can be collected from multiple individuals who may have had access to, or were found near a crime scene, in the hope of finding a single criminal match4. Controversially, CODIS samples are sometimes retained from adults and juveniles despite not yielding any database match4–6. Here we introduce a cryptographic algorithm that finds any and all matches of a person’s DNA profile against a CODIS database without revealing anything about the person’s profile to the database provider. With our protocol, matches are immediately identified as before; however, individuals who do not match anything in the database retain their full privacy. Our novel algorithm runs in 40 seconds on a CODIS database of 1,000,000 entries, enabling its use to privately screen potentially-innocent suspects even in the field.

scholarly journals The Use of DNA Profiling in Identifying Murderers and Sexual Abusers: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Nasir Siddique ◽  
Muhammad Amjad ◽  
Qazi L. Ahmad ◽  
Saleem U. Shahid ◽  
Mohammad A. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Police Station

A first information report was registered at Police Station of Faisalabad District, Pakistan. A boy (7-8 years old) went to a nearby shop and went missing. He was last seen with the accused suspect on a motorcycle as reported by eye witnesses. His naked dead body was found from nearby sugarcane fields tied with his clothing.  Autopsy revealed three incised wounds on the neck. The post-mortem was done and anal swabs were used for DNA profiling. Post mortem medico legal examination indicated sexual abuse of the boy prior to being murdered. Forensic DNA analysis confirmed that the seminal material found on anal swabs of the victim belonged to the suspect. The same DNA profile was also found from the samples of nail scratch swab samples of the victim. The suspect was confirmed to be the perpetrator.

Confirmation of cadaveric blood sample identity by DNA profiling using Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Warwick ◽  
F. G. Rushambuza ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
R. Patel ◽  
S. Tabb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Short Tandem Repeat ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Str Analysis ◽  
Sample Identity ◽  
Short Tandem

DNA analysis : Current status in court

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Short Tandem Repeat ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Str Analysis ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Single Locus Probes ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Short Tandem

AbstractSince the introduction of DNA profiling the methods have change considerably and so have the way that results are expressed. There have been many different techniques used to produce a DNA profile. The starting point was multilocus probes, followed by single locus probes, neither of which are now widely used, and then Short tandem Repeat (STR) analysis. Whatever the next step in DNA analysis is, the methods of interpretation will remain essentially the same. We rely on the concept and reality of the benign state for this to be used for the good of society, not the oppression of individuals or groups.

scholarly journals Assessment of QIAGEN™ Investigator® 24plex GO! kit workflow for autosomal STR profiling of forensic reference samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashom Mohd Hakim ◽  
Hussein Omar Khan ◽  
Siti Afifah Ismail ◽  
Nurul Hazirah Mat Lazim ◽  
Japareng Lalung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Buccal Swab ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Str Typing ◽  
Str Analysis ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Autosomal Str ◽  
Dna Template ◽  
Reference Samples

Abstract Background DNA profiling has proven to be a valuable technique for identification of individuals in crime. Currently, the technique targets several short tandem repeat (STR) regions in human genome. However, increasing number of samples submitted for STR analysis may lead to delays due to the limited number of experienced analysts who might be available at any given moment and the time taken to complete lengthy DNA profiling procedures. This study was conducted to test the specificity, repeatability, reproducibility and robustness of Investigator® 24plex GO! kit for genotyping of reference samples submitted to the Royal Malaysian Police Forensic DNA Laboratory for DNA database. Material and methods In this study, Investigator® 24plex GO! kit was used to directly amplify STR loci from buccal swab cell of reference samples that had previously been STR typed using GlobalFiler™ Express kit. Capillary electrophoresis was carried out on a 3500xL Genetic Analyser using POP-4® Polymer. Amplified products were assigned to particular STR alleles using the GeneMapper ID-X version 1.4 software. Results Our study shows that STR profiles generated using Investigator® 24plex GO! gave concordance results with those previously obtained using the GlobalFiler™ Express kit. In addition, quality sensors included in the kit are of particular importance for determining the effectiveness of the PCR reaction and help to indicate the nature and quantity of DNA template for PCR amplification. Conclusion The Investigator® 24plex GO! kit is reliable for STR typing of reference samples.

scholarly journals Image and exposure: Envisioning genetics as a forensic-surveillance matrix

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-251
Author(s):  
Erin Kruger
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Domain ◽  
The One ◽  
Identification Model

This paper takes the ‘visual’ as the primary subject to engage in a dialogue about surveillance by drawing upon the specific case of the genetic image. Specifically, the genetic image has shifted from the ‘one gene for one identification’ model used in the criminal law to, what are now, categorical, contextual and pattern-based configurations of DNA profiling that are able to compare multiple genetic samples in a singular image. The ability to profile genetics for law and security purposes is, thus, protracting well beyond the confines of the criminal legal domain (i.e. the crime scene, forensic laboratory, courtroom) and into the realm of surveillance: national security, defense, immigration, military and even humanitarian domains. Such a notable transition in visual profiling has also been met with a synonymous reformation in the status of genetic data as it converts from evidence in the realm of criminal law to, now, intelligence in the surveillance-based contexts noted above. This visual reclassification of genetic data reorients DNA to an informing, as opposed to an identifying role. Finally, how experts, scientists, legalists and other relevant practitioners conceive and represent ‘truth’ and ‘trust’ in light of an increasingly diverse range of genetic imagery is subject for discussion.

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