scholarly journals Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) Associated with Basal Ganglia Involvement - Two Case Reports

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
GK Kundu ◽  
MM Mahmud ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Basal Ganglia Involvement

Magneting resonance imaging in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) usually demonstrates changes in periventicular and subcortical white matter. Basal ganglia, Cerebellum, Spinal cord are less commonly involved. In this article, we report two cases of SSPE associated with basal ganglia involvement. The 1st case a 11 years old boy had the severe symptoms of SSPE with bilateral basal ganglia involvement. The 2nd case a 8 years old girl had right sided hemiplegia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v36i3.14289 BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2012; VOL 36 (3) : 153-155

scholarly journals Basal ganglia lesions in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelson James Almeida ◽  
Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki ◽  
Maria Irma Seixas Duarte ◽  
Carlos Augusto Gonçalves Pasqualucci ◽  
Sérgio Rosemberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Progressive Dementia ◽  
Etiological Diagnosis ◽  
Basal Ganglia Involvement ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The parieto-occipital region of the brain is the most frequently and severely affected in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The basal ganglia, cerebellum and corpus callosum are less commonly involved. We describe a patient with SSPE confirmed by neuropathology based on brain magnetic resonance imaging showing extensive basal ganglia involvement and no significant involvement of other cortical structures. Though rarely described in SSPE, clinicians should be aware of this involvement. SSPE should be kept in mind when changes in basal ganglia signal are seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging with or without involvement of other regions of the human brain to avoid erroneous etiological diagnosis of other pathologies causing rapidly progressive dementia.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Silent Cerebral Infarcts in Subcortical White Matter and Basal Ganglia

Stroke ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Uehara ◽  
Masayasu Tabuchi ◽  
Etsuro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Cerebral Infarcts

MR Imaging and Proton MR Spectroscopy of the Brain in Behçet's Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cellerini ◽  
M. Bartolucci ◽  
M. Mortilla ◽  
M. Mascalchi ◽  
F. Li Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Proton Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Cerebral MR imaging (MR) and proton-MR spectroscopy (H-MRS) data are lacking in neurologically asymptomatic patients with Behçet's disease (BD). Aim of the following work was to assess MR and H-MRS characteristics of brain involvement over time in patients with BD without clinical neurological involvement. Forty cerebral MR and 12 H-MRS examinations obtained over a one to nine year follow-up in 17 patients with (group A n=9) or without (group B n=8) neurological involvement were retrospectively reviewed. Four group-B patients had a normal first MR examination whereas all group-A and four group-B patients showed single (n?3) or multiple (n=10) subcortical white matter foci of signal change. Large midbrain, basal ganglia or subcortical white matter lesions were depicted in six group-A patients. Comparison between initial and last MR examinations revealed 28 new small-to-medium size lesions. Over the course of the study, lesion enhancement was seen in five patients all belonging to group A. NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios of supraventricular white matter did not show significant differences between patients and healthy controls or between group-A and group-B patients. Clinically silent cerebral involvement in the form of small-to-medium size subcortical lesions may be present at MR examination in BD patients. Large brainstem and basal ganglia lesions associated with overt neurological symptoms are characteristic of the disease. H-MRS of cerebral normal-appearing white matter does not show any significant metabolic change in BD.

scholarly journals Jaw Dystonia and Reversible Basal Ganglia Changes as an Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Romba ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Shu-Ching Hu ◽  
Sandeep Khot
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Lupus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Traditional Treatment

Dystonia as a manifestation of neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is uncommon. We report a 25-year-old woman who experienced progressive confusion, reduced speech, and difficulty opening her mouth approximately 2 weeks after development of a facial rash. Brain imaging showed bilateral, symmetric signal abnormalities within the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter. Despite treatment with high-dose steroids, she continued to have difficulty speaking with evidence of jaw dystonia on examination. Jaw dystonia rapidly improved with the initiation of levodopa. Repeat evaluation 3 months later exhibited the absence of jaw dystonia and near resolution of the imaging abnormalities. Our patient demonstrated a unique presentation with jaw dystonia refractory to traditional treatment for NPSLE. Such a presentation likely represents a severe variant of NPSLE requiring both immunosuppressive and symptomatic therapies.

scholarly journals Hemiballism-hemichorea Induced by Subcortical Ischemia

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukhi Toshiya ◽  
Hasegawa YuKihiro ◽  
Seriyama Shinya ◽  
Takeuchi Toru ◽  
Sugita Koujiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Involuntary Movements

ABSTRACT:Four patients presented with hemiballism-hemichorea as a clinical manifestation of white matter ischemia. These patients illustrate “positive” motor phenomena rather than limb weakness as a consequence of cerebral ischemia. In each patient, the involuntary movements disappeared following worsening of paresis. Subcortical white matter infarction in three patients and hemodynamic hypo-perfusion in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to dyskinetic movements were possible causes. Neuroradiologically, none had pathological changes in the vicinity of the subthalamic nucleus. We presume from these observations that ischemia of the subcortical white matter, without involvement of the basal ganglia or the subthalamic nucleus, may cause hemiballism-hemichorea

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography features in heat stroke: a case report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhi Cao ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yaxuan Gao ◽  
Yumei Liang ◽  
Jinhua Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Venography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
External Capsule

Abstract Background: Heat stroke (HS) is a critical illness that can cause multiple organ dysfunction, including damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Brain lesions in patients with HS who present with CNS damage have been rarely reported before, and they usually vary in different cases, hence, patients with such lesions may present a clinical challenge in terms of diagnosis and management. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke that mostly affects young individuals and children. The pathogenesis of brain damage caused by HS is complex, and CVT may be involved in the pathogenesis of HS with CNS damage. In this manuscript, we have reported a case of a patient with HS having CVT with symmetrical lesions in the bilateral putamen, posterior limb of the internal capsule, external capsule, insular lobe, and subcortical white matter in the brain. Case presentation: We encountered a 48-year-old man who presented with HS in the summer season. During admission, he had a high body temperature and was in coma and shock. Then, he developed rhabdomyolysis syndrome, acute kidney and liver damage, electrolyte imbalance, and acid–base balance disorders, and his D-dimer level was elevated. After several days of anti-shock treatment, the patient’s level of consciousness improved. However, he experienced a decline in vision. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed symmetrical lesions in the bilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule, putamen, external capsule, insula, and subcortical white matter, and cerebral magnetic resonance venography (MRV) showed the development of CVT. Therefore, anti-coagulation treatment was provided. After timely clinical intervention, the symptoms of the patient gradually improved. Conclusions: This case showed that HS can cause CVT. Therefore, cerebral MRI findings in HS must be assessed; in addition, early MRV can help in the diagnosis of the disease, which can effectively improve prognosis.

Breakthrough Disease While on Multiple Sclerosis Immunomodulatory Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Resonance Imaging

A 36-year-old woman with a history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis was evaluated for new multiple sclerosis symptoms accompanied by new, enhancing, white matter lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Her multiple sclerosis presented with L’hermitte sign when she was 24 years old. She had onset of bilateral lower extremity and left upper extremity tingling at age 26 years. Magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid examination at the time were supportive of the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, and disease-modifying therapy was recommended by her neurologist. She initiated therapy with dimethyl fumarate at age 30 years after several further relapses. Surveillance magnetic resonance imaging showed new gadolinium-enhancing lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging on each of 3 consecutive yearly scans. Urine culture and sensitivity tests were performed to rule out occult urinary tract infection; results of this testing were negative. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain concurrently showed new enhancing white matter lesions. The patient was diagnosed with clinical and radiographic breakthrough disease activity while receiving therapy for multiple sclerosis. The patient was treated with 5 days of intravenous methylprednisolone for her relapse. After discussion with the patient, it was decided to transition therapy from dimethyl fumarate to ocrelizumab infusions for her breakthrough disease activity. This decision was further supported by the patient’s concerns that she might be entering an early progressive phase of the disease. In patients with spinal-predominant multiple sclerosis, or with symptoms potentially indicating new spinal cord involvement, it may be necessary to include spinal cord imaging to assess for new disease activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document