Response of High Latitude Ionospheric TEC to Enhanced Radiation Fluxes during the Major Solar Flare Events

We have investigated the response of ionosphere to major solar flare events that occurred during 1998 to 2011. The effect of enhanced radiation fluxes in the X-ray and EUV band on the GPS derived Total Electron Content (TEC) is examined. The data of X-ray flux from Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES) and EUV flux from Solar EUV Monitor (SEM) onboard SOHO spacecraft were correlated with the Total Electron Content (TEC) data of a high latitude station, Davis (68.570S, 77.960E). We found that peak intensities of X-ray and EUV flux correlate very well with the peak values of TEC. We also studied the correlation of peak enhancement of these fluxes with the peak enhancement of TEC and found that peak enhancement of these fluxes correlate highly with the peak enhancement of TEC than with the peak values themselves. It is also found that correlation is extraordinarily improved when these fluxes are multiplied by Cos(CMD) where CMD is Central Meridian Distance on the solar disc, thereby showing that the location of flares on the solar disc plays an important role while investigating the ionospheric influences of solar flares. Keywords: Ionosphere; TEC; CMD; Solar Flare. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.14100 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 43-49 (2014)

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RESPON TEC IONOSFER DI ATAS BANDUNG DAN MANADO TERKAIT FLARE SINAR-X MATAHARI KELAS M5.1 DAN M7.9 TAHUN 2015 (IONOSPHERIC TEC RESPONSE OVER BANDUNG DAN MANADO ASSOCIATED WITH M5.1 AND M7.9 CLASSES OF SOLAR FLARE XRAYS IN 2015)

Jurnal Sains Dirgantara ◽

10.30536/j.jsd.2017.v14.a2329 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Sri Ekawati

Keyword(s):

Time Delay ◽

Solar Flare ◽

Electron Density ◽

Total Electron Content ◽

Geomagnetic Latitude ◽

Ionospheric Scintillation ◽

Electron Content ◽

Ionospheric Disturbances ◽

X Rays ◽

Total Electron

The solar flare is potential to cause sudden increase of the electron density in the ionosphere,particularly in D layer, known as Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances (SID). This increase of electron density occurs not only in the ionospheric D layer but also in the ionospheric E and F layers. Total Electron Content (TEC) measured by GPS is the total number of electrons from D to F layer. The aim of this research is to study the effect of solar flare x-rays, greater than M5 class in 2015, on ionospheric TEC over Bandung and Manado. This paper presents the preliminary result of ionospheric TEC response on solar flare occurrence over Indonesia. The ionospheric TEC data is derived from GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM) receiver at Bandung (-6.90o S;107.6o E geomagnetic latitude 16.54o S) and Manado (1.48o N; 124.85o E geomagnetic latitude 7.7o S). The solar x-rays flares classes analyzed where M5.1 on 10 March 2015 and M7.9 on 25 June 2015. Slant TEC (STEC) values where calculated to obtain Vertical TEC (VTEC) and the Differential of the VTEC (DVTEC) per PRN satellite for further analysis. The results showed that immediately after the flare, there where sudden enhancement of the VTEC and the DVTEC (over Bandung and Manado) at the same time. The time delay of ionospheric TEC response on M5.1 flare was approximately 2 minutes, then the VTEC increased by 0.5 TECU and the DVTEC rose sharply by 0.5 – 0.6 TECU/minutes. Moreover, the time delay after the M7.9 flare was approximately 11 minutes, then the VTEC increased by 1 TECU and the DVTEC rose sharply by 0.6 – 0.9 TECU/minutes. ABSTRAK Flare matahari berpotensi meningkatkan kerapatan elektron ionosfer secara mendadak, khususnya di lapisan D, yang dikenal sebagai Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances (SID). Peningkatan kerapatan elektron tersebut terjadi tidak hanya di lapisan D, tetapi juga di lapisan E dan F ionosfer. Total Electron Content (TEC) dari GPS merupakan jumlah banyaknya elektron total dari lapisan D sampai lapisan F. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek flare, yang lebih besar dari kelas M5 tahun 2015, terhadap TEC ionosfer di atas Bandung dan Manado. Makalah ini merupakan hasil awal dari respon TEC ionosfer terhadap fenomena flare di atas Indonesia. Data TEC ionosfer diperoleh dari penerima GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM) di Bandung (-6,90o S; 107,60o E lintang geomagnet 16,54o LS) dan Manado (1,48oLU;124,85oBT lintang geomagnet 7,7o LS) dikaitkan dengan kejadian flare kelas M5.1 pada tanggal 10 Maret 2015 dan kelas M7.9 pada tanggal 25 Juni 2015. Nilai Slant TEC (STEC) dihitung untuk memperoleh nilai Vertical TEC (VTEC), kemudian nilai Differential of VTEC (DVTEC) per PRN satelit diperoleh untuk analisis selanjutnya. Hasil menunjukkan segera setelah terjadi flare, terjadi peningkatan VTEC dan DVTEC (di atas Bandung dan Manado) secara mendadak pada waktu yang sama. Waktu tunda dari respon TEC ionosfer setelah terjadi flare M5.1 adalah sekitar 2 menit, kemudian VTEC meningkat sebesar 0,5 TECU dan DVTEC meningkat secara tajam sebesar 0,5 – 0,6 TECU/menit. Sedangkan, waktu tunda setelah terjadi flare M7.9 adalah 11 menit, kemudian VTEC meningkat sebesar 1 TECU dan DVTEC meningkat secara tajam sebesar 0,6 – 0,9 TECU/menit.

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Impact factor for the ionospheric total electron content response to solar flare irradiation

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/2010ja016089 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 116 (A4) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

D. H. Zhang ◽

X. H. Mo ◽

L. Cai ◽

W. Zhang ◽

M. Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Flare ◽

Impact Factor ◽

Total Electron Content ◽

Electron Content ◽

Total Electron ◽

Ionospheric Total Electron Content

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Variations of total electron content over high latitude region during the ascending phase of 24th solar cycle

Advances in Space Research ◽

10.1016/j.asr.2019.02.017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 3558-3567

Author(s):

Arun Kumar Singh ◽

Rupesh M. Das ◽

Shailendra Saini

Keyword(s):

Solar Cycle ◽

Total Electron Content ◽

High Latitude ◽

Electron Content ◽

Total Electron ◽

High Latitude Region ◽

Latitude Region

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Comparison of ionospheric Total Electron Content derived from collocated GNSS receivers over HartRAO during solar X-ray flares

South African Journal of Geology ◽

10.2113/gssajg.110.2-3.219 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 110 (2-3) ◽

pp. 219-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D.M. Moeketsi ◽

W.L. Combrinck ◽

L.A. McKinnell ◽

A.Z.A. Combrink

Keyword(s):

Total Electron Content ◽

Electron Content ◽

Total Electron ◽

X Ray ◽

Ionospheric Total Electron Content ◽

Gnss Receivers

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Morphology of high‐latitude plasma density perturbations as deduced from the total electron content measurements onboard the Swarm constellation

Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics ◽

10.1002/2016ja023086 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 1338-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jaeheung Park ◽

Hermann Lühr ◽

Guram Kervalishvili ◽

Jan Rauberg ◽

Claudia Stolle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Electron Content ◽

Plasma Density ◽

High Latitude ◽

Electron Content ◽

Total Electron ◽

Density Perturbations

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Electrodynamical response of the Indian low-mid latitude ionosphere to the very large solar flare of 28 October 2003 – a case study

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-27-3853-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 3853-3860 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

G. Manju ◽

T. K. Pant ◽

C. V. Devasia ◽

S. Ravindran ◽

R. Sridharan

Keyword(s):

Solar Flare ◽

Equatorial Electrojet ◽

Electron Content ◽

Recombination Rates ◽

Total Electron ◽

Peak Enhancement ◽

Global Positioning ◽

System Data ◽

Current Systems

Abstract. The electrodynamic effects on the low-mid latitude ionospheric region have been investigated using GPS (global positioning system) data, ionosonde data and ΔH values, during the very large solar flare (X17.2/4B) of 28 October 2003. The results bring out the flare induced unusual behaviour of the equatorial ionosphere on this day just prior to sunset. The important observations are i) Large and prolonged Ne enhancements observed from ionosonde data just after the flare-related peak enhancement in EUV flux. The observed enhancement in Ne is due to the increase in ionization production due to the enhanced EUV flux and the persistence of the enhancement is probably due to the prompt penetration related upliftment of the F layer (just prior to the flare peak phase) to higher altitudes, where recombination rates are lower. ii) A significant enhancement in total electron content (TEC) (~10 TEC units) at regions around the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crest region (Ahmedabad) during the flare in association with the flare related EUV flux enhancement. iii) Similar enhancements seen at stations of Jodhpur and Delhi in the mid latitude sector. iv)The flare related flux enhancements in different longitude sectors in the equatorial electrojet region have been shown to produce positive and negative variations in electrojet strength indicating the presence of current systems having positive and negative polarities in different longitude sectors. Thus the flare effect reveals the longitudinal variation of the counter electrojet events in the Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) region.

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