Seasonal and Interhemispheric Effects on the Diurnal Evolution of EIA: Assessed by IGS TEC and IRI-2016 over Peruvian and Indian Sectors

The global total electron content (TEC) map in 2013, retrieved from the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS), and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2016) model are used to monitor the diurnal evolution of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The statistics are conducted during geomagnetic quiet periods in the Peruvian and Indian sectors, where the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) data and reliable TEC are available. The EEJ is used as a proxy to determine whether the EIA structure is fully developed. Most of the previous studies focused on the period in which the EIA is well developed, while the period before EIA emergence is usually neglected. To characterize dynamics accounting for the full development of EIA, we defined and statistically analyzed the onset, first emergence, and the peaks of the northern crest and southern crest based on the proposed crest-to-trough difference (CTD) profiles. These time points extracted from IGS TEC show typical annual cycles in the Indian sector which can be summarized as winter hemispheric priority, i.e., the development of EIA in the winter hemisphere is ahead of that in the summer hemisphere. However, these same time points show abnormal semiannual cycles in the Peruvian sector, that is, EIA develops earlier during two equinoxes/solstices in the northern/southern hemisphere. We suggest that the onset of EIA is a consequence of the equilibrium between sunlight ionization and ambipolar diffusion. However, the latter term is not considered in modeling the topside ionosphere in IRI-2016, which results in a poor capacity in IRI to describe the diurnal evolution of EIA. Meridional neutral wind’s modulation on the ambipolar diffusion can explain the annual cycle observed in the Indian sector, while the semiannual variation seen in the Peruvian sector might be due to additional competing effects induced by the F region height changes.

INVESTIGATING THE VARIATIONS OF HORIZONTAL (H) AND VERTICAL (Z) COMPONENTS OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD AT SOME EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET STATIONS

This research is monitoring equatorial geomagnetic current which causes atmospheric instabilities and affects high frequency and satellite communication. It presents the variations of Horizontal (H) and vertical (Z) component of the geomagnetic field at some Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) Stations during quiet days. Data from five (5) observatories along the magnetic equator were used for the study. Daily baseline values for each of the geomagnetic element 𝐻 and Z were obtained. The monthly average of the diurnal variation and the seasonal variations were found. Results showed that the variations of the geomagnetic element of both H and Z differ in magnitudes from one stations to another along the geomagnetic Equator due to the differences of their geomagnetic latitude. The Amplitude curves for Z) are seen to be conspicuously opposite to that of H), and there is absence of CEJ in Z- Component but present in H- Components. The values during the pre-sunrise hours are low compare to daytime hours. Minimum variations of dH was observed during June solstice and maximum variations was observed during Equinox season. This study shows that daily variations of (H) and (Z) occur in all the stations. The enhancement in H is as a result of EEJ current

THE STUDY OF LONGITUDINAL AND LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET SIGNATURE AT STATIONS WITHIN THE 96°MM AND 210°MM AFRICAN AND ASIAN SECTORS RESPECTIVELY UNDER QUIET CONDITIONS.

Solar quiet current (S_q) and Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) are two current systems which are produced by electric current in the ionosphere. The enhancement of the horizontal magnetic field is the EEJ. This research is needed for monitoring equatorial geomagnetic current which causes atmospheric instabilities and affects high frequency and satellite communication. This study presents the longitudinal and latitudinal variation of equatorial electrojet signature at stations within the 96°mm and 210°mm African and Asian sectors respectively during quiet condition. Data from eleven observatories were used for this study. The objectives was to determine the longitudinal and latitudinal geomagnetic field variations during solar quiet conditions, Investigate monthly variation and diurnal transient seasonal variation; Measure the strength of the EEJ at stations within the same longitudinal sectors and find out the factors responsible for the longitudinal and latitudinal variation of EEJ. Horizontal (H) component of geomagnetic field for the year 2008 from Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS) network were used for the study. The International Quiet Days (IQDs) were used to identify quiet days. Daily baseline values for each of the geomagnetic element H were obtained. The monthly average of the diurnal variation was found. The seasonal variation of dH was found. Results showed that: The longitudinal and latitudinal variation in the dH differs in magnitude from one station to another within the same longitude due to the difference in the influence of the EEJ on them.

INVESTIGATING THE VARIATIONS OF HORIZONTAL (H) AND VERTICAL (Z) COMPONENTS OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD AT SOME EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET STATIONS

This research is monitoring equatorial geomagnetic current which causes atmospheric instabilities and affects high frequency and satellite communication. It presents the variations of Horizontal (H) and vertical (Z) component of the geomagnetic field at some Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) Stations during quiet days. Data from five (5) observatories along the magnetic equator were used for the study. Daily baseline values for each of the geomagnetic element 𝐻 and Z were obtained. The monthly average of the diurnal variation and the seasonal variations were found. Results showed that the variations of the geomagnetic element of both H and Z differ in magnitudes from one stations to another along the geomagnetic Equator due to the differences of their geomagnetic latitude. The Amplitude curves for Z) are seen to be conspicuously opposite to that of H), and there is absence of CEJ in Z- Component but present in H- Components. The values during the pre-sunrise hours are low compare to daytime hours. Minimum variations of dH was observed during June solstice and maximum variations was observed during Equinox season. This study shows that daily variations of (H) and (Z) occur in all the stations. The enhancement in H is as a result of EEJ current.